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Suggests that the problems of scientific research today are generated by science and technology as well as nature.--

Philosophy --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of science --- Sociology --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- sociologie --- filosofie --- epistomologie --- Research --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Science and society --- Sociology of science --- Social aspects

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Business process modeling plays an important role in the management of business processes. As valuable design artifacts, business process models are subject to quality considerations. The absence of formal errors such as deadlocks is of paramount importance for the subsequent implementation of the process. In his book Jan Mendling develops a framework for the detection of formal errors in business process models and the prediction of error probability based on quality attributes of these models (metrics). He presents a precise description of Event-driven Process Chains (EPCs), their control-flow semantics and a suitable correctness criterion called EPC soundness.

Computer Science. --- Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet). --- Business Information Systems. --- Computer Appl. in Administrative Data Processing. --- Software Engineering. --- Computer science. --- Software engineering. --- Information systems. --- Management information systems. --- Informatique --- Génie logiciel --- Informatique de gestion --- Business. --- Business --- Management information systems --- Workflow --- Computer Science --- Marketing & Sales --- Commerce --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Business & Economics --- Data processing --- Mathematical models --- Management --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Systèmes d'information --- Computer software --- Quality control --- Standards. --- Information technology. --- Application software. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- IT in Business. --- Data processing. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Electronic data processing --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Informatics --- Science --- Business—Data processing. --- Mathematical models. --- Management. --- Computer-based information systems --- EIS (Information systems) --- Executive information systems --- MIS (Information systems) --- Sociotechnical systems --- Information resources management --- Trade --- Economics --- Industrial management --- Communication systems --- Business information services. --- Information technology --- Computer and Information Systems Applications. --- Computer Application in Administrative Data Processing. --- Business enterprises --- Information services

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This volume constitutes the proceedings of the First IFIP WG 8.1 Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling, which took place in Stockholm, Sweden, during November 12-13, 2008. The conference aim was to establish a dedicated forum where the use of Enterprise Modeling in practice is addressed by bringing researchers, users, and practitioners together. The 17 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 34 submissions. The topics covered are Knowledge and Enterprise Architecture Modeling; Enterprise Modeling; Process Modeling; and Network and Value Modeling.

Economics/Management Science. --- Business Information Systems. --- Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet). --- Computer Appl. in Administrative Data Processing. --- Management of Computing and Information Systems. --- Economics. --- Information systems. --- Information Systems. --- Management information systems. --- Economie politique --- Informatique de gestion --- Business enterprises -- Data processing -- Congresses. --- Business enterprises. --- Information modeling -- Congresses. --- Management information systems -- Congresses. --- Commerce - General --- Marketing & Sales --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Systèmes d'information --- Business --- Information technology --- Computer network architectures --- Information resources management --- Data processing --- Management --- Business. --- Information technology. --- Business mathematics. --- Computers. --- Application software. --- Computer engineering. --- Business and Management. --- Business Mathematics. --- Computer Engineering. --- Theory of Computation. --- IT in Business. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Data processing. --- Computers --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Arithmetic, Commercial --- Business arithmetic --- Business math --- Commercial arithmetic --- Finance --- Mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Trade --- Economics --- Industrial management --- Design and construction --- Information theory. --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Business—Data processing. --- Societies, etc. --- Computer networks. --- Computer science. --- Business information services. --- Computer Engineering and Networks. --- Computer and Information Systems Applications. --- Computer Application in Administrative Data Processing. --- Management. --- Business enterprises --- Information services --- Informatics --- Science --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Distributed processing

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Since publication of the first edition of Volume I in 1994, the field of fungal biology has developed tremendously, mainly through the advancement of various molecular techniques and international fungal genome projects. To accommodate these developments, the second edition has been completely updated. Six chapters have been revised by former authors, others by newly recruited experts, and also novel subjects, emerged in more recent years, have been added to the book. Leading scientists in the field have compiled comprehensive overviews as well as latest results obtained from cytological, genetic and molecular studies. Topics include: cellular and colony growth of fungi, cellular fusion and incompatibility, senescence and programmed cell death, environmental and physiological signalling in differentiation processes, asexual and sexual reproduction, mitosis and meiosis of various types of fungi. Both parallels and differences become visible between individual fungi as well as between fungal classes.

Fungi. --- Mycology --- Mycology. --- Research. --- 582.28 --- 575 --- 66.098 --- 66.098 Biological processes. Biotechnology --- Biological processes. Biotechnology --- 575 General genetics. General cytogenetics. Immunogenetics. Evolution. Speciation. Phylogeny --- General genetics. General cytogenetics. Immunogenetics. Evolution. Speciation. Phylogeny --- 582.28 Eumycetes. True fungi. Moulds. Mycology --- Eumycetes. True fungi. Moulds. Mycology --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Botany --- Fungi --- Microbiology --- Fungal kingdom --- Fungus kingdom --- Funguses --- Mycobiota --- Mycota --- Cryptogams --- Research --- Microbiology. --- Biotechnology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Plant genetics. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plants --- Genetics --- Genomics --- Microbial genetics --- Microorganisms --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Mycology - Research --- -Research --- Fungal biology --- Fungology --- Fungus biology --- FUNGI --- SEXUALITY --- TREATISES --- GROWTH --- DIFFERENTIATION --- GENETICS --- BIOTECHNOLOGY --- MYCOLOGY --- RELATIONSHIPS

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How is genetic variability shaped by natural selection, demographic factors, and random genetic drift? To approach this question, we introduce and analyze a number of probability models beginning with the basics, and ending at the frontiers of current research. Throughout the book, the theory is developed in close connection with examples from the biology literature that illustrate the use of these results. Along the way, there are many numerical examples and graphs to illustrate the conclusions. This is the second edition and is twice the size of the first one. The material on recombination and the stepping stone model have been greatly expanded, there are many results form the last five years, and two new chapters on diffusion processes develop that viewpoint. This book is written for mathematicians and for biologists alike. No previous knowledge of concepts from biology is assumed, and only a basic knowledge of probability, including some familiarity with Markov chains and Poisson processes. The book has been restructured into a large number of subsections and written in a theorem-proof style, to more clearly highlight the main results and allow readers to find the results they need and to skip the proofs if they desire. Rick Durrett received his Ph.D. in operations research from Stanford University in 1976. He taught in the UCLA mathematics department before coming to Cornell in 1985. He is the author of eight books and 160 research papers, most of which concern the use of probability models in genetics and ecology. He is the academic father of 39 Ph.D. students and was recently elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Mathematics. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Genetics and Population Dynamics. --- Mathematical Biology in General. --- Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Genetics --- Biology --- Distribution (Probability theory). --- Statistics. --- Mathématiques --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Distribution (Théorie des probabilités) --- Statistique --- Evolutionary genetics --Statistical methods. --- Nucleotide sequence --Statistical methods. --- Probabilities. --- Variation (Biology) --Statistical methods. --- Evolutionary genetics --- Nucleotide sequence --- Probabilities --- Variation (Biology) --- Probability --- Evolution, Molecular --- Base Sequence --- Models, Genetic --- Molecular Structure --- Mathematical Concepts --- Models, Biological --- Biological Evolution --- Molecular Sequence Data --- Statistics as Topic --- Genetic Structures --- Documentation --- Biological Processes --- Genetic Processes --- Models, Theoretical --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Phenomena and Processes --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Genetic Phenomena --- Biological Phenomena --- Chemical Phenomena --- Quality of Health Care --- Investigative Techniques --- Information Services --- Public Health --- Environment and Public Health --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Information Science --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Care --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Statistical methods --- Statistical methods. --- Biological variation --- Statistical inference --- Analysis, Nucleic acid sequence --- Analysis, Nucleotide sequence --- Base sequence (Nucleic acids) --- DNA sequence --- Nucleic acid sequence analysis --- Nucleotide sequence analysis --- RNA sequence --- Sequence, Nucleotide --- Genetic evolution --- Biochemistry. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Biomathematics. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Combinations --- Mathematics --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Nucleic acids --- Nucleotides --- Sequence alignment (Bioinformatics) --- Evolution (Biology) --- Analysis --- Distribution (Probability theory. --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical science --- Econometrics --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Composition --- Statistics .