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The year 2007 could perhaps accurately be described as the year when climate change finally received the attention that this challenge deserves globally. Much of the information and knowledge that was created in this field during the year was the result of the findings of the Fourth - sessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which were disseminated on a large scale and reported extensively by the media. This was the result not only of a heightened interest on the part of the public on various aspects of climate change, but also because the IPCC itself proactively attempted to spread the findings of its AR4 to the public at large. The interest generated on the scientific realities of climate change was further enhanced by the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to the IPCC and former Vice President of the US, Al Gore. By taking this decision in favour of a leader who has done a great deal to create awareness on c- mate change, and a body that assesses all scientific aspects of climate change and disseminates the result of its findings, the Norwegian Nobel Committee has clearly drawn the link between climate change and peace in the world.

geografie --- milieupolitiek --- milieurecht --- Environmental law --- sociologie --- Meteorology. Climatology --- milieuzorg --- klimaatveranderingen --- Sociology --- Geography --- economie --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- milieubeheer --- Economics --- Environment. --- Environment, general. --- Geography (general). --- Climate Change. --- Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice. --- Environmental Economics. --- Sociology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Geography. --- Climatic changes. --- Environmental law. --- Environmental economics. --- Sciences de l'environnement --- Géographie --- Climat --- Environnement --- Economie de l'environnement --- Sociologie --- Changements --- Droit --- SociologieChangements

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SOIL beneath our feet food and fiber ashes to ashes, dust to dust dirt Soil has been called the final frontier of environmental research. The critical role of soil in biogeochemical processes is tied to its properties and place porous, structured, and spatially variable, it serves as a conduit, buffer, and transformer of water, solutes and gases. Yet what is complex, life-giving, and sacred to some, is ordinary, even ugly, to others. This is the enigma that is soil. Soil and Culture explores the perception of soil in ancient, traditional, and modern societies. It looks at the visual arts (painting, textiles, sculpture, architecture, film, comics and stamps), prose & poetry, religion, philosophy, anthropology, archaeology, wine production, health & diet, and disease & warfare. Soil and Culture explores high culture and popular culture from the paintings of Hieronymus Bosch to the films of Steve McQueen. It looks at ancient societies and contemporary artists. Contributors from a variety of disciplines delve into the mind of Carl Jung and the bellies of soil eaters, and explore Chinese paintings, African mud cloths, Mayan rituals, Japanese films, French comic strips, and Russian poetry.

Life Sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Interdisciplinary Studies. --- History of Science. --- Geography (general). --- Life sciences. --- Science --- Geography. --- Soil conservation. --- Humanities. --- Sciences de la vie --- Sciences --- Géographie --- Agriculture --- Sols --- Sciences humaines --- History. --- Histoire --- Conservation --- Soil --- Type de sol --- soil types --- Trait morphologique du sol --- soil morphological features --- Propriété physicochimique du sol --- soil chemicophysical properties --- Valeur esthétique --- Aesthetic value --- Valeur ornementale --- Ornamental value --- History --- Sociologie --- Sociology --- Environnement socioculturel --- sociocultural environment --- world

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Innovation is nowadays a question of life and death for many of the economies of the western world. Yet, due to our generally reductionist scientific paradigm, invention and innovation are rarely studied scientifically. Most work prefers to study its context and its consequences. As a result, we are as a society, lacking the scientific tools to understand, improve or otherwise impact on the processes of invention and innovation. This book delves deeply into that topic, taking the position that the complex systems approach, with its emphasis on ‘emergence’, is better suited than our traditional approach to the phenomenon. In a collection of very coherent papers, which are the result of an EU-funded four year international research team’s effort, it addresses various aspect of the topic from different disciplinary angles. One of the main emphases is the need, in the social sciences, to move away from neo-darwinist ‘population thinking’ to ‘organization thinking’ if we want to understand social evolution. Another main emphasis is on developing a generative approach to invention and innovation, looking in detail at the contexts within which invention and innovation occur, and how these contexts impact on the chances for success or failure. Throughout, the book is infused with interesting new insights, but also presents several well-elaborated case studies that connect the ideas with a substantive body of ‘real world’ information. The research presented in this volume, developed in the EC-funded Project ISCOM (Information Society as a Complex System), takes off from two fundamental premises: -- to guide innovation policies, taking account of the social, economic and geographic dimensions of innovation processes are at least as critical as the science and technology; and -- complex systems science is essential for understanding these dimensions.

geografie --- ruimtelijke ordening --- archeologie --- Economic geography --- sociologie --- sociale economie --- Social sciences (general) --- Environmental planning --- Sociology --- Geography --- sociale wetenschappen --- Archeology --- Social change. --- Information technology. --- Social sciences. --- Geography. --- Regional economics. --- Archaeology. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Geography, general. --- Sociology, general. --- Regional/Spatial Science. --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Economics --- Regional planning --- Regionalism --- Space in economics --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Sociology. --- Spatial economics. --- Spatial economics --- Regional economics --- Social theory --- Social sciences

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One of the main objectives of nature conservation in Europe is to protect valuable cultural landscapes characterized by a mixture of open habitats and hedges, trees and patchy woodland (semi-open landscapes).The development of these landscapes during the past decades has been characterized by an ongoing intensification of land use on the one hand, and an increasing number of former meadows and pastures becoming fallow as a result of changing economic conditions on the other hand. Since species adapted to open and semi-open landscapes contribute to biodiversity in Europe in a major way, this development is of great concern to nature conservation. In several countries largescale, nature-adapted pastoral systems have been recognized as one solution to this problem. These systems could offer an alternative to industrial livestock raising and keep a high biodiversity on the landscape level. Against the background of livestock diseases such as BSE and Foot and Mouth Disease and the efforts to reform the Common Agricultural Policy in the EU by changing the criteria for agricultural subsidies, these concepts gain particular significance.They could also represent an alternative to the established, costly habitat management tools.

Environment. --- Geoecology/Natural Processes. --- Biogeosciences. --- Geography (general). --- Applied Ecology. --- Landscape Ecology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Life sciences. --- Geography. --- Landscape ecology. --- Ecology. --- Sciences de l'environnement --- Sciences de la vie --- Géographie --- Ecologie du paysage --- Ecologie --- Begrazing : natuurbeheer --- 636.084.252 --- Biodiversity --- Conservation of natural resources --- Farms, Large --- Grazing --- Large farms --- Conservation of resources --- Natural resources --- Natural resources conservation --- Resources conservation, Natural --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Environmental aspects --- Conservation --- Agricultural systems --- Animal feeding --- Range management --- Pastures --- Rangelands --- Farms, Size of --- Environmental protection --- Natural resources conservation areas --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species

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“GNSS - GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and more” is the extension of the scientific bestseller “GPS - Theory and Practice” to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and includes the Russian GLONASS, the European system Galileo, and additional systems. The book refers to GNSS in the generic sense to describe the various existing reference systems for coordinates and time, the satellite orbits, the satellite signals, observables, mathematical models for positioning, data processing, and data transformation. With respect to the individual systems GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and more, primarily the specific reference systems, services, the space and the control segment, as well as satellite signals are described. Furthermore, augmentations by space- and ground-based systems are discussed. This book is a university-level introductory textbook and is intended to serve as a reference for students as well as for professionals and scientists in the fields of geodesy, surveying engineering, navigation, and related disciplines.

Geosciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Physical geography. --- Géographie physique --- Geographic information systems. --- Global navigation. --- Global positioning system. --- Mobile geographic information sytems --- Global Positioning System --- Artificial satellites in navigation --- Satellite geodesy --- Galileo satellite navigation system --- Physics --- Mechanical Engineering --- Geography --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Aeronautics Engineering & Astronautics --- Geography-General --- Cosmic Physics --- Mobile geographic information sytems. --- Global Positioning System. --- Artificial satellites in navigation. --- Satellite geodesy. --- Galileo satellite navigation system. --- Mobile geographic information systems. --- Artificial satellites in geodesy --- Global Navigation Satellite System --- GNSS (Navigational system) --- GPS (Navigational system) --- Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System --- NAVSTAR GPS --- Field geographic information systems --- Field GIS --- Mobile GIS --- Geography. --- Geophysics. --- Geographical information systems. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Geodesy --- Geodetic satellites --- Navigation --- Mobile geographic information systems --- Geographic information systems --- Location-based services --- Mobile computing --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Earth sciences