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Mycology, the study of fungi, originated as a subdiscipline of botany and was a descr- tive discipline, largely neglected as an experimental science until the early years of this century. A seminal paper by Blakeslee in 1904 provided evidence for sel?ncompatib- ity, termed heterothallism , and stimulated interest in studies related to the control of sexual reproduction in fungi by mating-type speci?cities. Soon to follow was the demonstration that sexually reproducing fungi exhibit Mendelian inheritance and that it was possible to conduct formal genetic analysis with fungi. The names Burgeff, Kniep and Lindegren are all associated with this early period of fungal genetics research. These studies and the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1945, provided further impetus for experimental research with fungi. Thus began a period of interest in mutation induction and analysis of mutants for biochemical traits. Such fundamental research, conducted largely with Neurospora crassa,led to theone gene: one enzyme hypothesis and to a second Nobel Prize for fungal research awarded to Beadle and Tatum in 1958. Fundamental research in biochemical genetics was extended to other fungi, especially to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and by the mid-1960s fungal systems were much favored for studies in eukaryotic molecular biology and were soon able to compete with bacterial systems in the molecular arena.

Fungi --- Mycology --- Cell biology --- Treatises

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Since the publication of the first edition of "The Mycota Vol. V - Plant Relationships" in 1997, tremendous advances in fungal molecular biology and biochemistry have taken place; and both light and electron microscopical techniques have improved considerably. These new insights led to a better understanding of the relationships between fungi and plants; and a completely revised new edition of Plant Relationships could be produced, providing an up-to-date overview on mutualistic and pathogenic interactions. In 18 chapters internationally acknowledged authors present reviews on fungal lifestyles, mechanisms of their interactions with their host plants, signal perception and transduction, and plant defense responses directed against attack by fungal pathogens. Highlighting the recent developments in fungus-plant interactions, this volume is indispensable for researchers, lecturers and students in microbiology, mycology and plant sciences, including plant pathology.

Genetics --- General microbiology --- genomen (geneeskunde) --- systematische plantkunde --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- microbiologie --- medische genetica --- fungi

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The Sirex woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, is the most important invasive alien insect pest in Pinus plantations across the Southern Hemisphere, and it now threatens pines in North America. Sirex noctilio is native to Eurasia, where it causes little damage and is better known for its fascinating biology, including an obligate mutualism with the fungus Amylostereum areolatum. The wasp first appeared outside its native range around 1900 in New Zealand, and it has subsequently spread to Australia, South America and Africa. The pest continues to spread globally and this is vividly illustrated by its recent appearance in North America. The genesis of the book was an International Sirex Symposium held in South Africa in May 2007. This symposium recognised the growing global threat from the woodwasp and the realization that a sustained research effort would be required to deal with it. This meeting succeeded remarkably in bringing together a diverse mosaic of government, industry and academic experience from many parts of the world. The shared experience emerging from the meeting, as well as the research and management work that has been undertaken subsequently, is captured in this book. This book covers aspects of the insect's taxonomy, life history, host-plant relationships, population dynamics and chemical ecology, as well as the nature of its obligate mutualistic relationship with the fungus Amylostereum, its distribution, diversity and biology. There is also a focus on the development and adaptation of biological control systems using various parasitic wasps and the nematode Deladenus siricidicola. Importantly, the book contains a complete synthesis of the history and current status of the pest as well as efforts to control it in the Southern Hemisphere and in North America. Overall, this book illustrates the need for a global community effort to combat the increasing threat of invasive alien pests andpathogens to the world's forests.

General microbiology --- Insects. Springtails --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Forestry --- Biotechnology --- fungi --- biotechnologie --- milieuzorg --- bossen --- insecten

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This book is the result of 14 years of collecting Entolomataceae in the native forests of Tasmania, Australia. Although initially involving only the Tasmanian residents Genevieve Gates and David Ratkowsky, who made twice- or thrice-weekly forays into the forests throughout the year, the project was subsequently joined by agaric specialist Machiel Noordeloos from the Netherlands, and by fungi photographer Michael Pilkington from the United Kingdom. The international character of the project is further evidenced by the earlier contributions of American mycologist Tim Baroni to the Tasmanian Rhodocybe species which form the basis of the chapter on the now-expanded concept of Clitopilus, and a visit of several months in 2010 by Brazilian Ph.D. candidate Fernanda Karstedt, who tested the keys to the Entoloma species. Consequently, several thousand well-annotated collections were found during this inventory and form the basis of this monographic treatment of the Entoloma and Clitopilus of Tasmania. The resulting 90 Entoloma species and 10 Clitopilus species are well documented with standardized descriptions, line drawings of fruit bodies and diagnostic microscopic characters, and, when available, with colour photographs. Thanks to the intensive search, it was possible to illustrate most species in colour. Dichotomous keys facilitate identification of the species. The species concept used is morphologically based; in several cases, however, identification to species level is supported by molecular data.

General microbiology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Insects. Springtails --- Forestry --- fungi --- biodiversiteit --- microbiologie --- bossen --- insecten --- Tasmania

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Mycelium. --- Mushroom culture. --- Fungi --- Mycélium --- Champignons --- Ecology. --- Culture --- Ecologie --- Paddenstoelen --- Mycélium --- Ecologie; ecosysteem --- Bomen --- Schimmels --- Bossen