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This text is intended to be used in a lecture course for college students in air quality, with a focus on modelling challenges. The key current issues are discussed within six chapters: basic principles and classification of air pollution, radiative transfer, atmospheric boundary layer, gas-phase chemistry, aerosols and multiphase processes, and chemistry transport models and numerical simulation, respectively. The book starts with the basic principles of physics, chemistry and fluid mechanics, and is written in an understandable way for students. Through simple exercises and realistic problems (the answers are included) the state-of-the-science prevailing issues is investigated. Audience This book is intended for students in environmental science, meteorology, in the fields of climatic change and air pollution, geophysics and engineering. It may also be a good survey book for researchers active in the field. - Concise and comprehensive overview of air quality - Includes exercises and problem sets with detailed solutions

Nature protection --- Fluid mechanics --- Geophysics --- Air pollution. Air purification --- luchtverontreiniging --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- geofysica --- vloeistoffen --- Air --- Atmospheric chemistry --- Atmospheric diffusion --- Pollution --- Mathematical models

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Particularly intense lightning discharges can produce transient luminous events above thunderclouds, termed sprites, elves and jets. These short lived optical emissions in the mesosphere can reach from the tops of thunderclouds up to the ionosphere; they provide direct evidence of coupling from the lower atmosphere to the upper atmosphere. Sprites are arguably the most dramatic recent discovery in solar-terrestrial physics. Shortly after the first ground based video recordings of sprites, observations on board the Space Shuttle detected sprites and elves occurring all around the world. These reports led to detailed sprite observations in North America, South America, Australia, Japan, and Europe. Subsequently, sprites were detected from other space platforms such as the International Space Station and the ROCSAT satellite. During the past 15 years, more than 200 contributions on sprites have been published in the scientific literature to document this rapidly evolving new research area.

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