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The gardens of William and Mary
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ISBN: 0747016089 Year: 1988 Publisher: London Helm


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Enabling Enterprise Transformation : Business and Grassroots Innovation for the Knowledge Economy
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ISBN: 9781441915085 9781441915115 9781441915078 9781441978448 Year: 2010 Publisher: New York NY Springer New York

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Private enterprises in advanced economies have been learning to use information and communication technology (ICT) to innovate and transform their processes, products, services and business models, significantly improving productivity and competitiveness. Moreover, the ICT industry itself has become a major source of job creation and a contributor to economic growth and business transformation. A key question today is whether and how developing countries can learn to benefit from the ICT revolution, and what roles the government and private sector can play. Already, a number of developing countries have been inspired by the example of India and China, and are now seeking to jump on the outsourcing bandwagon. Nevertheless, with few exceptions in the developing world, little attention has been paid by policymakers and practitioners to invest systematically and proactively in ICT-enabled growth, poverty reduction and grassroots innovation. Most communities and small and medium-sized enterprises in developing countries, for example, face multiple constraints to adopting and leveraging this general purpose technology, and lack the capabilities for maximizing its potential. In Enabling Enterprise Transformation, Nagy Hanna draws on his rich experience of over 35 years at the World Bank and other aid agencies as a development strategist and ICT policy expert, the most current research, and best practices from around the world to provide practical tools for promoting economic and social transformation through ICT. He assesses various initiatives to develop and diffuse ICT, such as innovation funds, incubators, parks, public-private partnerships, and comprehensive promotion programs. He argues for the strategic options now open for developing countries to participate in ICT production, to deploy ICT to transform industries and services, and to leverage ICT as a new national infrastructure for improving the business environment and enhancing the competitiveness of the whole economy. The challenge for leaders in developing countries is to create such social and institutional dynamics for learning about ICT use and adaptation at many levels. Lessons gained so far from programs to build these social learning and innovation capabilities at the institutional and grassroots levels should be shared among developing countries, and a dialogue among business leaders, policymakers, development agencies, educational institutions, and the general citizenry must be advanced.


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Money and Ideas : Four Studies on Finance, Innovation and the Business Life Cycle
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ISBN: 9781441912282 9781441912442 9781461425168 9781441912275 Year: 2010 Publisher: New York NY Springer New York

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The lifecycle of businesses is complicated. Right from birth, businesses experience not just opportunities but also many hurdles. The primary obstacle for all businesses is access to capital; drawing from a variety of fields and research perspectives, this book presents four scientific studies that explore the implications of financial constraints at different stages of the firm's life cycle. The first study focuses on the financial challenges to the nascent entrepreneur - someone who is planning to, or has just started their business. Do all innovative ideas get financed? No, primarily because their innovativeness cannot be proven. Through a study of 900 nascent entrepreneurs, this chapter demonstrates how the appropriability and feasibility of an innovation can be proven by using patents and prototypes in a signaling fashion. The second study asks: Do all who patent, do it for money? Who patents apart from nascent entrepreneurs? Outside of the purely commercial arena, using a database of 2500 scientists, this study argues that scientists are driven to patent to gain prestige and reputation, as well as for purely financial motivations, and considers the implications for the strategic function in financial matters that patents play for the firm. The next chapter looks at the firm life cycle in the second stage. After start-up, they reach the stage of becoming a Small and Medium Enterprise (SME), perhaps employing up to 250 employees. This is the stage when other factors, such a location, become important for SME growth. The same holds true for finance too. Working capital requirements increase, increasing the need for SMEs to gain more finance from outside their firms. Where would they go to? Does geographical dispersion of lending institutions have an effect on financial management of the firms? This study demonstrates that very-local lending institutions, especially credit unions, increase the likelihood that firms will diversify their capital structure. Be it credit rationing or monitoring costs being pushed to the customers, large lending institutions keep away SMEs. During times of crisis, the trend may become stronger, in that local communities play crucial role in SME financing and banks may turn more hostile. The concluding chapter considers the implications of start-up financing for economic growth and development. Innovation, regional finance and signaling aspects might all work in an economic conditions where there are efficient institutions, including judiciary. Developing economies, however, often lack efficient institutions, and thus innovation might face greater barriers on this angle when coupled with financial constraints. This study, for the first time ever, shows that innovativeness of firms in developing economies, in affected by corruption, usually in the form of bribes. The interesting aspect is that the effect is not always detrimental. Studying 2500 African firms, the author argues that corruption negatively affects product and organizational innovation while it encourages the use of marketing innovation. To sum up, this book shows that the present crisis may provide innovators an opportunity to present the true value of their innovation to pursue their dreams of starting a firm. Local communities do matter and must not be forgotten as they provide cushion for most of our SMEs. Developing countries must make their institutions efficient to follow the development pattern fuelled by innovation.


Book
Digitalization in Open Economies
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ISBN: 9783790823929 9783790823950 9783790823912 9783790828160 Year: 2010 Publisher: Heidelberg Physica-Verlag HD

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Digital strings are not visible, but affect all economic segments. This book studies the phenomenon of digitalization with the instruments of economics in order to explore the interdependencies between digitalization, economic policy, and macroeconomic variables of open economies. Digitalization is separated into the three components networks, IT services, and digital goods which are then incorporated into macroeconomic models of trade theory in open economies. This approach allows to formally describe the cross-effects between digitalization and macroeconomic variables of a country. Specifically, it is used to analyze interdependencies between macroeconomic variables and networks, IT services, and digital goods, and to determine the challenges of digitalization for economic policy and regulation.


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Econoshock 2.0 : van industriële revolutie naar duurzaamheidsrevolutie
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ISBN: 9789401414227 Year: 2013 Publisher: Tielt Lannoo

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15 september 2008, kwart voor twee 's ochtends. Het ondenkbare gebeurt: de Amerikaanse zakenbank Lehman Brothers moet bescherming aanvragen tegen zijn schuldeisers en sleurt in zijn val het hele financiële systeem mee. Ook Europa en de rest van de wereld ontsnappen niet aan een financiële - en later ook economische - crisis.Vijf jaar later maakt Geert Noels, samen met de belangrijkste betrokkenen en experts, de balans op. Is de economie stilaan uit het dal gekropen? Hebben we geleerd uit onze fouten? En wat met de andere gigantische uitdagingen waar de wereld voor staat, zoals de opkomst van de groeilanden, de zoektocht naar duurzame energiebronnen en de opwarming van de aarde?Aan de hand van zes belangrijke schokken legt Geert Noels in Econoshock 2.0 haarfijn uit hoe we er nu voor staan en wat we van de toekomst mogen verwachten. Zijn conclusie: alleen als we duurzaam leren omgaan met onze hulpbronnen, nieuwe technologieën volop aanwenden en authenticiteit en behoud van onze welvaart verkiezen boven schuldgedreven, onhoudbare groei, zijn we in staat om de crisis te overwinnen.bron : http://www.lannoo.be


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Supernew supergraphics : unit 16
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ISBN: 9780957511453 0957511450 Year: 2014 Volume: 16 Publisher: London United Editions

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Supernew Supergraphics is a collection of the best architectural, environmental and interior graphic design. This all-new book shows how the current generation of designers and architects are blasting typography and graphic forms across walls - even landscapes. It shows how they are distorting space and warping entire buildings with colour, typographic messages and abstract shapes--


Book
The architecture of trees
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9781616898069 1616898062 Year: 2019 Publisher: New York, N.Y. Princeton Architectural Press

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"The Architecture of Trees is a legendary botanical masterwork, presenting more than 550 exquisitely detailed quill-pen illustrations of 212 tree species, with and without foliage, and at a scale of 1:100. This landmark study, now in English for the first time, is a stunning reference for architects, designers, botanists, and all those fascinated by nature and trees."--Cover page 4.


Book
Deadlines
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
ISBN: 9055444014 9789055444014 Year: 2002 Publisher: Gent Ludion

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