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The terrorist attacks at the start of the new millennium shook the world. In Western countries, the new threat of 'home-grown' Islamic terrorism has directed the authorities' attention towards local Muslim communities. Islamic terrorism is generally seen as a sign of the lack of integration of these communities. Authorities therefore often opt for preventive policies in which the engagement with Muslim organisations and spokespersons plays a significant role. However, this engagement comes with its own problems and dilemmas. Should authorities aim for a broad representation of the community or instead go for selective engagement? Are non-violent fundamentalist organisations also to be seen as the enemy? Should authorities enter into public debate with extremist organisations? Is it wise to link anti-radicalisation policies to more general integration policies?

Islamic fundamentalism --- Muslims --- Radicalism --- Terrorism --- 858.1 Politiek geweld --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Extremism, Political --- Ideological extremism --- Political extremism --- Political science --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam --- Fundamentalism, Islamic --- Islamism --- Religious fundamentalism --- Social aspects --- Political activity --- Prevention --- Social problems --- International movements --- London --- Berlin --- Paris --- Amsterdam --- Antwerp