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Finland --- History, 19th Century. --- History, 20th Century. --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- Finland. --- Aland Islands --- Åland Islands --- Medicine --- History. --- History, 19th Century --- History, 20th Century --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- History --- �Aland Islands --- Åland Islands --- Health Workforce

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"In the mid-nineteenth century, deaf people were expected to overcome their hearing defects, to learn to mask their deafness through speech or speechreading, undergo various medical therapeutics, or make use of hearing aids. A variety of methods were used from burning caustics, blistering, hammering, and bloodletting to mercury, urine, oil of earthworm, and fat of eels. Ear trumpets and other prosthetics provided glimmers of hope, though in many instances, they were useless for pre-lingually deaf persons. But any cure was better than no cure. The message was so powerful that even as safer surgical procedures and newer technologies were devised, the message remained steadfast, inviting unscrupulous quacks to profit by promising hope. Hearing Happiness explores how, between the 1860s and 1960s, as American culture was obsessed with establishing conformity, the problem of deafness was perceived as nothing more than a problem of better living. The author's personal journey, narrated along the way, makes vivid this new and distinctive account of American deaf history, told through the lens of medical and technological "cures" before modern hearing aids and implants"--

Deafness --- Medicine --- Quacks and quackery --- Treatment --- History --- Correction of Hearing Impairment --- History, 19th Century --- History, 20th Century --- history --- United States. --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- Hearing loss --- Audiology --- Ear --- Hearing disorders --- Hearing --- Diseases --- History.

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Eric Caplan's fascinating exploration of Victorian culture in the United States shatters the myth of Freud's seminal role in the creation of American psychotherapy. Resurrecting the long-buried "prehistory" of American mental therapeutics, Mind Games tells the remarkable story of how a widely assorted group of actors-none of them hailing from Vienna or from any other European city-compelled a reluctant medical profession to accept a new role for the mind in medicine. By the time Freud first set foot on American soil in 1909, as Caplan demonstrates, psychotherapy was already integrally woven into the fabric of American culture and medicine.What came to be known as psychotherapy emerged in the face of considerable opposition, much-indeed most-of which was generated by the medical profession itself. Caplan examines the contentious interplay within the American medical community, as well as between American physicians and their lay rivals, who included faith-healers, mind-curists, Christian Scientists, and Protestant ministers. These early practitioners of alternative medicine ultimately laid the groundwork for a distinctive and much heralded American type of psychotherapy. Its grudging acceptance by both medical elites and rank and file physicians signified their understanding that reliance on physical therapies to treat nervous and mental symptoms compromised their capacity to treat-and compete-effectively in a rapidly expanding mental-medical marketplace. Mind Games shows how psychotherapy came to occupy its central position in mainstream American culture.

Mental healing --- Psychotherapy --- Mental Healing --- Psychology, Social --- Culture --- History, 19th Century --- Behavioral Disciplines and Activities --- Spiritual Therapies --- Psychology --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Anthropology, Cultural --- Sociology --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Mind-Body Therapies --- Behavioral Sciences --- Anthropology --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Social Sciences --- Complementary Therapies --- History --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Therapeutics --- Humanities --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Psychiatry - General --- Psychiatry --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Social aspects --- history --- United States --- Social life and customs --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Disease --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- Alternative Therapies --- Therapy, Alternative --- Therapy, Complementary --- Alternative Medicine --- Complementary Medicine --- Medicine, Alternative --- Medicine, Complementary --- Therapies, Alternative --- Therapies, Complementary --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Proxemics --- Behavioral Science --- Proxemic --- Science, Behavioral --- Sciences, Behavioral --- Mind-Body Medicine --- Mind Body Medicine --- Mind Body Therapies --- Mind-Body Therapy --- Therapies, Mind-Body --- Therapy, Mind-Body --- General Social Development and Population --- Cultural Anthropology --- Ethnography --- Ethnographies --- History of Medicine, Modern --- Medicine, Modern --- Modern History (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine --- History, Modern --- Modern History --- 1601- History, Modern --- History, Modern (Medicine) --- Modern 1601- History --- Factors, Psychological --- Psychological Factors --- Psychological Side Effects --- Psychologists --- Psychosocial Factors --- Side Effects, Psychological --- Factor, Psychological --- Factor, Psychosocial --- Factors, Psychosocial --- Psychological Factor --- Psychological Side Effect --- Psychologist --- Psychosocial Factor --- Side Effect, Psychological --- Exorcism --- Therapies, Spiritual --- Spiritual Healing --- Exorcisms --- Healing, Spiritual --- Healings, Spiritual --- Spiritual Healings --- Psychagogy --- Therapy (Psychotherapy) --- Clinical Psychotherapists --- Logotherapy --- Psychotherapists --- Clinical Psychotherapist --- Logotherapies --- Psychotherapies --- Psychotherapist --- Psychotherapist, Clinical --- Psychotherapists, Clinical --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- Beliefs --- Cultural Background --- Customs --- Background, Cultural --- Backgrounds, Cultural --- Belief --- Cultural Backgrounds --- Cultures --- Custom --- Social Psychology --- Psychologies, Social --- Social Psychologies --- Healing, Mental --- Absent treatment --- Health thoughts --- Mind-cure --- Psychic healing --- therapy --- Qualitative Research --- Occultism --- Parapsychology --- Spirituality --- Mental illness --- Clinical sociology --- Mental health counseling --- Neurolinguistic Programming --- Sensory Art Therapies --- Religion --- Alternative medicine --- Healing --- Mind and body --- Therapeutics, Suggestive --- Psychology, Perceptual --- Perceptual Psychology --- Material Culture --- Culture, Material --- Material Cultures --- Schema Therapy --- Schema Therapies --- Therapies, Schema --- Therapy, Schema --- Cultural Relativism --- Cultural Relativisms --- Relativism, Cultural --- Relativisms, Cultural --- Behavior And Behavior Mechanism

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AIDS (Disease) --- Medicine --- History. --- Social aspects. --- History --- Research --- Methodology. --- Government Regulation --- Mandatory Programs --- Prejudice --- Freedom --- Human Rights --- Preventive Medicine --- Public Health --- Immunization --- Mass Screening --- Minority Groups --- Morals --- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome --- Coercion --- Social Justice --- Socioeconomic Factors --- History, 19th Century --- HIV Seropositivity --- Public Policy --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases --- Stereotyping --- Delivery of Health Care --- Moral Obligations --- Homosexuality --- Social Control, Formal --- Attitude --- Health Education --- Physicians --- AIDS Serodiagnosis --- Epidemiology --- History, 20th Century --- Commitment of Mentally Ill --- Communicable Diseases --- Disease --- History, Medieval --- Patient Care --- Politics --- Internationality --- Sexuality --- Social Responsibility --- International Cooperation --- Mentally Ill Persons --- Quarantine --- Voluntary Programs --- Social Welfare --- Women's Rights --- Primary Prevention --- Diagnostic Services --- HIV Infections --- Immunotherapy --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Health Personnel --- Health Occupations --- Social Control Policies --- Social Sciences --- Serologic Tests --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Humanities --- Sociology --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Ethics --- Infection --- Social Behavior --- Patient Care Management --- Forensic Psychiatry --- Health Services --- Organization and Administration --- Population Characteristics --- Therapeutics --- Infection Control --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomena --- Virus Diseases --- Psychology, Social --- Sexual Behavior --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Slow Virus Diseases --- Health Surveys --- Disabled Persons --- Pathologic Processes --- Immunologic Techniques --- Principle-Based Ethics --- Public Health Practice --- Environment and Public Health --- Health --- Preventive Health Services --- Genital Diseases, Male --- Social Control, Informal --- Communicable Disease Control --- Education, Nonprofessional --- Genital Diseases, Female --- Health Care --- Female Urogenital Diseases --- Diseases --- Philosophy --- Diagnosis --- Investigative Techniques --- Behavior --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral --- Data Collection --- Health Services Administration --- Jurisprudence --- Education --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Policy --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Immunomodulation --- Immunologic Tests --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Occupational Groups --- Lentivirus Infections --- Psychiatry --- Persons --- Community Health Services --- Male Urogenital Diseases --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Biological Therapy --- Retroviridae Infections --- Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications --- Named Groups --- Immune System Diseases --- Phenomena and Processes --- Laboratory Techniques and Procedures --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Behavioral Sciences --- RNA Virus Infections --- Behavioral Disciplines and Activities --- Quality of Health Care --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Social aspects --- Methodology --- STDs --- STIs --- Sexually Transmitted Infections --- Venereal Diseases --- Disease, Sexually Transmitted --- Disease, Venereal --- Diseases, Sexually Transmitted --- Diseases, Venereal --- Infection, Sexually Transmitted --- Infections, Sexually Transmitted --- STI --- Sexually Transmitted Disease --- Sexually Transmitted Infection --- Transmitted Infection, Sexually --- Transmitted Infections, Sexually --- Venereal Disease --- Migration Policy --- Population Policy --- Social Protection --- Social Policy --- Migration Policies --- Policies, Migration --- Policies, Population --- Policies, Public --- Policies, Social --- Policy, Migration --- Policy, Population --- Policy, Public --- Policy, Social --- Population Policies --- Protection, Social --- Public Policies --- Social Policies --- Diseases of Immune System --- Immune Diseases --- Immunological Diseases --- Immune Disorders --- Immunologic Diseases --- Disease, Immune --- Disease, Immune System --- Disease, Immunologic --- Disease, Immunological --- Diseases, Immune --- Diseases, Immune System --- Diseases, Immunologic --- Diseases, Immunological --- Disorder, Immune --- Disorders, Immune --- Immune Disease --- Immune Disorder --- Immune System Disease --- Immunologic Disease --- Immunological Disease --- Quality of Care --- Quality of Healthcare --- Care Qualities --- Care Quality --- Health Care Quality --- Healthcare Quality --- Infections, RNA Virus --- Infection, RNA Virus --- RNA Virus Infection --- Virus Infection, RNA --- Virus Infections, RNA --- Proxemics --- Behavioral Science --- Proxemic --- Science, Behavioral --- Sciences, Behavioral --- Healthcare Evaluation Mechanisms --- Evaluation Mechanism, Healthcare --- Evaluation Mechanisms, Healthcare --- Healthcare Evaluation Mechanism --- Mechanism, Healthcare Evaluation --- Mechanisms, Healthcare Evaluation --- Infections, Retroviridae --- Infections, Retrovirus --- Retrovirus Infections --- Infection, Retroviridae --- Infection, Retrovirus --- Retroviridae Infection --- Retrovirus Infection --- Biologic Therapy --- Biotherapy --- Therapy, Biological --- Biologic Therapies --- Biological Therapies --- Biotherapies --- Therapies, Biologic --- Therapies, Biological --- Therapy, Biologic --- Epidemiologic Method --- Epidemiological Methods --- Methods, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiological Method --- Method, Epidemiologic --- Method, Epidemiological --- Methods, Epidemiological --- Physiology, Reproductive and Urinary --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Concepts --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Concepts --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive and Urinary Tract Physiology --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiology Phenomena --- Male Genitourinary Diseases --- Genitourinary Disease, Male --- Genitourinary Diseases, Male --- Male Genitourinary Disease --- Male Urogenital Disease --- Urogenital Disease, Male --- Urogenital Diseases, Male --- Community Healthcare --- Health Services, Community --- Services, Community Health --- Community Health Care --- Care, Community Health --- Community Health Service --- Community Healthcares --- Health Care, Community --- Health Service, Community --- Healthcare, Community --- Healthcares, Community --- Service, Community Health --- Person --- Psychiatrists --- Psychiatrist --- Infections, Lentivirus --- Infection, Lentivirus --- Lentivirus Infection --- Group, Occupational --- Groups, Occupational --- Occupational Group --- Diagnosis, Immunologic --- Immunologic Diagnosis --- Immunologic Test --- Immunological Tests --- Tests, Immunologic --- Diagnosis, Immunological --- Immunodiagnosis --- Diagnoses, Immunologic --- Diagnoses, Immunological --- Immunodiagnoses --- Immunologic Diagnoses --- Immunological Diagnoses --- Immunological Diagnosis --- Immunological Test --- Test, Immunologic --- Test, Immunological --- Tests, Immunological --- Immunomodulatory Therapy --- Immunomodulations --- Immunomodulatory Therapies --- Therapies, Immunomodulatory --- Therapy, Immunomodulatory --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Deficiency Syndrome, Immunologic --- Deficiency Syndromes, Antibody --- Deficiency Syndromes, Immunologic --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome --- Immunological Deficiency Syndromes --- Antibody Deficiency Syndrome --- Antibody Deficiency Syndromes --- Deficiency Syndrome, Antibody --- Deficiency Syndrome, Immunological --- Deficiency Syndromes, Immunological --- Immunological Deficiency Syndrome --- Syndrome, Antibody Deficiency --- Syndrome, Immunologic Deficiency --- Syndrome, Immunological Deficiency --- Syndromes, Antibody Deficiency --- Syndromes, Immunologic Deficiency --- Syndromes, Immunological Deficiency --- Antibodies --- Policies --- Activities, Educational --- Educational Activities --- Workshops --- Literacy Programs --- Training Programs --- Activity, Educational --- Educational Activity --- Literacy Program --- Program, Literacy --- Program, Training --- Programs, Literacy --- Programs, Training --- Training Program --- Workshop --- Students --- Constitutional Law --- Court Decision --- Law --- Legal Aspects --- Legal Obligations --- Legal Status --- State Interest --- Litigation --- Medical Jurisprudence --- Aspect, Legal --- Aspects, Legal --- Constitutional Laws --- Court Decisions --- Decision, Court --- Decisions, Court --- Interest, State --- Interests, State --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Law, Constitutional --- Laws --- Laws, Constitutional --- Legal Aspect --- Legal Obligation --- Litigations --- Obligation, Legal --- Obligations, Legal --- State Interests --- Status, Legal --- Administration, Health Services --- Data Aggregation --- Data Collection Methods --- Dual Data Collection --- Aggregation, Data --- Collection Method, Data --- Collection Methods, Data --- Collection, Data --- Collection, Dual Data --- Data Collection Method --- Method, Data Collection --- Methods, Data Collection --- Sexually Transmitted Disease, Viral --- Viral Sexually Transmitted Disease --- Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases --- Viral Venereal Diseases --- Venereal Diseases, Viral --- Disease, Viral Venereal --- Diseases, Viral Venereal --- Venereal Disease, Viral --- Viral Venereal Disease --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- AIDS Seroconversion --- AIDS Seropositivity --- Anti-HIV Positivity --- HIV Antibody Positivity --- HIV Seroconversion --- HTLV-III Seroconversion --- HTLV-III Seropositivity --- AIDS Seroconversions --- AIDS Seropositivities --- Anti HIV Positivity --- Anti-HIV Positivities --- Antibody Positivities, HIV --- Antibody Positivity, HIV --- HIV Antibody Positivities --- HIV Seroconversions --- HIV Seropositivities --- HTLV III Seroconversion --- HTLV III Seropositivity --- HTLV-III Seroconversions --- HTLV-III Seropositivities --- Positivities, Anti-HIV --- Positivities, HIV Antibody --- Positivity, Anti-HIV --- Positivity, HIV Antibody --- Seroconversion, AIDS --- Seroconversion, HIV --- Seroconversion, HTLV-III --- Seroconversions, AIDS --- Seroconversions, HIV --- Seroconversions, HTLV-III --- Seropositivities, AIDS --- Seropositivities, HIV --- Seropositivities, HTLV-III --- Seropositivity, AIDS --- Seropositivity, HIV --- Seropositivity, HTLV-III --- Factors, Socioeconomic --- High-Income Population --- Inequalities --- Land Tenure --- Standard of Living --- Factor, Socioeconomic --- High Income Population --- High-Income Populations --- Inequality --- Living Standard --- Living Standards --- Population, High-Income --- Populations, High-Income --- Socioeconomic Factor --- Tenure, Land --- Common Good --- Justice --- Obligations of Society --- Good, Common --- Justice, Social --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- Involuntary Fertility Control --- Fertility Control, Involuntary --- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome --- Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome --- AIDS --- Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired --- Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome --- Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes --- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes --- Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired --- Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes, Acquired --- Immunodeficiency Syndromes, Acquired --- Syndrome, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency --- Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency --- Syndromes, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency --- Syndromes, Acquired Immunodeficiency --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Antemortem Diagnosis --- Diagnoses and Examinations --- Examinations and Diagnoses --- Postmortem Diagnosis --- Antemortem Diagnoses --- Diagnoses --- Diagnoses, Antemortem --- Diagnoses, Postmortem --- Diagnosis, Antemortem --- Diagnosis, Postmortem --- Postmortem Diagnoses --- Philosophical Overview --- Hedonism --- Stoicism --- Overview, Philosophical --- Overviews, Philosophical --- Philosophical Overviews --- Philosophies --- Female Genitourinary Diseases --- Female Genitourinary Disease --- Female Urogenital Disease --- Genitourinary Disease, Female --- Genitourinary Diseases, Female --- Urogenital Disease, Female --- Urogenital Diseases, Female --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Female Genital Diseases --- Gynecologic Diseases --- Diseases, Female Genital --- Diseases, Gynecologic --- Female Genital Disease --- Genital Disease, Female --- Gynecologic Disease --- Education, Parenting --- Nonprofessional Education --- Parenting Education --- Male Genital Diseases --- Disease, Male Genital --- Diseases, Male Genital --- Genital Disease, Male --- Male Genital Disease --- Parasite Control --- Control, Communicable Disease --- Control, Parasite --- Informal Social Control --- Control, Informal Social --- Controls, Informal Social --- Informal Social Controls --- Social Controls, Informal --- Morality --- Group, Minority --- Groups, Minority --- Minority Group --- Screening --- Mass Screenings --- Screening, Mass --- Screenings --- Screenings, Mass --- Immunologic Sensitization --- Immunological Stimulation --- Sensitization, Immunological --- Stimulation, Immunologic --- Immunologic Stimulation --- Immunostimulation --- Sensitization, Immunologic --- Variolation --- Immunizations --- Immunological Sensitization --- Immunological Sensitizations --- Immunological Stimulations --- Sensitizations, Immunological --- Stimulation, Immunological --- Stimulations, Immunological --- Variolations --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Medicine, Preventive --- Preventative Care --- Preventative Medicine --- Preventive Care --- Care, Preventative --- Care, Preventive --- Medicine, Preventative --- Equal Rights --- Equal Right --- Human Right --- Right, Equal --- Right, Human --- Rights, Equal --- Rights, Human --- Libertarianism --- Liberty --- Freedoms --- Prejudices --- Mandatory Program --- Program, Mandatory --- Programs, Mandatory --- Government Regulation and Oversight --- Government Regulations --- Regulation, Government --- Regulations, Government --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- Health Services, Preventive --- Preventive Health --- Preventive Health Care --- Preventive Health Programs --- Preventive Programs --- Services, Preventive Health --- Care, Preventive Health --- Health Care, Preventive --- Health Program, Preventive --- Health Programs, Preventive --- Health Service, Preventive --- Health, Preventive --- Preventive Health Program --- Preventive Health Service --- Preventive Program --- Program, Preventive --- Program, Preventive Health --- Programs, Preventive --- Programs, Preventive Health --- Service, Preventive Health --- Normalcy --- Normality --- Normalities --- Health Practice, Public --- Health Practices, Public --- Practice, Public Health --- Practices, Public Health --- Public Health Practices --- Principlism --- Ethic, Principle-Based --- Ethics, Principle-Based --- Principle Based Ethics --- Principle-Based Ethic --- Antibody Dissociation --- Immunologic Technic --- Immunologic Technics --- Immunologic Technique --- Immunological Technics --- Immunological Techniques --- Technic, Immunologic --- Technics, Immunologic --- Technique, Immunologic --- Techniques, Immunologic --- Antibody Dissociations --- Dissociation, Antibody --- Dissociations, Antibody --- Immunological Technic --- Immunological Technique --- Technic, Immunological --- Technics, Immunological --- Technique, Immunological --- Techniques, Immunological --- Allergy and Immunology --- Pathological Processes --- Processes, Pathologic --- Processes, Pathological --- Physically Disabled --- Handicapped --- People with Disabilities --- Persons with Disabilities --- Physically Challenged --- Physically Handicapped --- Disabilities, People with --- Disabilities, Persons with --- Disability, Persons with --- Disabled Person --- Disabled, Physically --- Handicapped, Physically --- People with Disability --- Person, Disabled --- Persons with Disability --- Persons, Disabled --- Abortion Surveys --- Abortion Survey --- Health Survey --- Survey, Abortion --- Survey, Health --- Surveys, Abortion --- Surveys, Health --- Disease, Slow Virus --- Diseases, Slow Virus --- Slow Virus Disease --- Virus Disease, Slow --- Virus Diseases, Slow --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Premarital Sex Behavior --- Sex Behavior --- Sex Orientation --- Sexual Activities --- Anal Sex --- Oral Sex --- Sexual Activity --- Sexual Orientation --- Activities, Sexual --- Activity, Sexual --- Behavior, Premarital Sex --- Behavior, Sex --- Behavior, Sexual --- Orientation, Sexual --- Sex, Anal --- Sex, Oral --- Social Psychology --- Psychologies, Social --- Social Psychologies --- Viral Diseases --- Viral Infections --- Virus Infections --- Disease, Viral --- Disease, Virus --- Diseases, Viral --- Diseases, Virus --- Infection, Viral --- Infection, Virus --- Infections, Viral --- Infections, Virus --- Viral Disease --- Viral Infection --- Virus Disease --- Virus Infection --- Reproductive Physiologic Concepts --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomenon --- Reproductive Physiological Process --- Reproductive Physiological Concepts --- Reproductive Physiological Processes --- Concept, Reproductive Physiologic --- Concept, Reproductive Physiological --- Concepts, Reproductive Physiologic --- Concepts, Reproductive Physiological --- Phenomena, Reproductive Physiological --- Phenomenon, Reproductive Physiological --- Physiologic Concept, Reproductive --- Physiologic Concepts, Reproductive --- Physiological Concept, Reproductive --- Physiological Process, Reproductive --- Physiological Processes, Reproductive --- Process, Reproductive Physiological --- Processes, Reproductive Physiological --- Reproductive Physiologic Concept --- Reproductive Physiological Concept --- Control, Infection --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Population Heterogeneity --- Population Statistics --- Characteristic, Population --- Characteristics, Population --- Heterogeneity, Population --- Population Characteristic --- Statistics, Population --- Administration and Organization --- Administrative Technics --- Administrative Techniques --- Coordination, Administrative --- Logistics --- Supervision --- Technics, Administrative --- Techniques, Administrative --- Administration --- Administrative Coordination --- Administrative Technic --- Administrative Technique --- Technic, Administrative --- Technique, Administrative --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Jurisprudence, Psychiatric --- Psychiatric Jurisprudence --- Psychiatry, Forensic --- Care Management, Patient --- Management, Patient Care --- Behavior, Social --- Behaviors, Social --- Social Behaviors --- Infections --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Diagnostic Technics and Procedures --- Technics and Procedures, Diagnostic --- Techniques and Procedures, Diagnostic --- General Social Development and Population --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- History of Medicine, Modern --- Medicine, Modern --- Modern History (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine --- History, Modern --- Modern History --- 1601- History, Modern --- History, Modern (Medicine) --- Modern 1601- History --- Serologic Test --- Serological Tests --- Test, Serologic --- Tests, Serologic --- Serodiagnosis --- Serodiagnoses --- Serological Test --- Test, Serological --- Tests, Serological --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Control Policies, Social --- Control Policy, Social --- Policies, Social Control --- Policy, Social Control --- Social Control Policy --- Health Professions --- Health Occupation --- Health Profession --- Occupation, Health --- Occupations, Health --- Profession, Health --- Professions, Health --- Field Workers --- Fieldworkers --- Healthcare Providers --- Health Care Providers --- Field Worker --- Fieldworker --- Health Care Provider --- Healthcare Provider --- Personnel, Health --- Provider, Health Care --- Provider, Healthcare --- Providers, Health Care --- Providers, Healthcare --- Worker, Field --- Workers, Field --- Immunotherapies --- HTLV-III Infections --- HTLV-III-LAV Infections --- T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human --- HIV Infection --- HTLV III Infections --- HTLV III LAV Infections --- HTLV-III Infection --- HTLV-III-LAV Infection --- Infection, HIV --- Infection, HTLV-III --- Infection, HTLV-III-LAV --- Infections, HIV --- Infections, HTLV-III --- Infections, HTLV-III-LAV --- T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infections, Human --- Services, Diagnostic --- Diagnostic Service --- Service, Diagnostic --- Prevention, Primordial --- Primordial Prevention --- Prevention, Primary --- Preventions, Primordial --- Primordial Preventions --- Woman's Rights --- Women's Status --- Women's Liberation --- Liberation, Women's --- Right, Woman's --- Right, Women's --- Rights, Woman's --- Rights, Women's --- Status, Women's --- Woman Rights --- Woman's Right --- Women Status --- Women's Right --- Community Services --- Services, Community --- Community Service --- Service, Community --- Welfare, Social --- Program, Voluntary --- Programs, Voluntary --- Voluntary Program --- Quarantines --- Mentally Ill --- Mental Patients --- Ill, Mentally --- Mentally Ill Person --- Person, Mentally Ill --- Persons, Mentally Ill --- Treaties --- Foreign Aid --- Aid, Foreign --- Cooperation, International --- Treaty --- Accountability --- Communitarianism --- Future Generations --- Obligations to Society --- Social Accountability --- Obligation, Social --- Responsibility, Social --- Accountability, Social --- Future Generation --- Generation, Future --- Generations, Future --- Obligations, Social --- Responsibilities, Social --- Social Obligation --- Social Obligations --- Social Responsibilities --- Society, Obligations to --- Globalization --- International Aspects --- International Perspectives --- International Relations --- Multinational Aspects --- Multinational Perspectives --- Aspect, International --- Aspect, Multinational --- Aspects, International --- Aspects, Multinational --- International Aspect --- International Perspective --- Multinational Aspect --- Multinational Perspective --- Perspective, International --- Perspective, Multinational --- Perspectives, International --- Perspectives, Multinational --- Relations, International --- Conservatism --- Decentralization --- Liberalism --- Political Factors --- Voting --- Political Activity --- Activities, Political --- Activity, Political --- Factor, Political --- Factors, Political --- Political Activities --- Political Factor --- Informal care --- Care, Patient --- Informal cares --- care, Informal --- cares, Informal --- History of Medicine, Medieval --- History of Medicine, Renaissance --- Medicine, Medieval History --- Medicine, Renaissance --- Medieval History (Medicine) --- Renaissance Medicine --- Medieval History --- Histories, Medieval (Medicine) --- History Medicine, Medieval --- History, Medieval (Medicine) --- Medieval Histories (Medicine) --- Medieval History Medicine --- Infectious Diseases --- Communicable Disease --- Disease, Communicable --- Disease, Infectious --- Diseases, Communicable --- Diseases, Infectious --- Infectious Disease --- Duration of Commitment --- Outpatient Commitment --- Involuntary Commitment --- Commitment Duration --- Commitment Durations --- Commitment, Involuntary --- Commitment, Outpatient --- Commitments, Involuntary --- Commitments, Outpatient --- Involuntary Commitments --- Mentally Ill Commitment --- Mentally Ill Commitments --- Outpatient Commitments --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- Serodiagnosis, AIDS --- Serodiagnosis, HIV --- Serodiagnosis, HTLV-III --- Serology, AIDS --- Serology, HTLV-III --- AIDS Serology --- HIV Serodiagnosis --- HTLV-III Serodiagnosis --- HTLV-III Serology --- AIDS Serodiagnoses --- HIV Serodiagnoses --- HTLV III Serodiagnosis --- HTLV III Serology --- HTLV-III Serodiagnoses --- Serodiagnoses, AIDS --- Serodiagnoses, HIV --- Serodiagnoses, HTLV-III --- Serodiagnosis, HTLV III --- Serology, HTLV III --- Medical Specialities --- Medical Specialties --- Medical Specialty --- Specialities, Medical --- Specialties, Medical --- Specialty, Medical --- Medical Speciality --- Speciality, Medical --- Physician --- Education, Community Health --- Health Education, Community --- Community Health Education --- Education, Health --- Attitudes --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Homosexuality, Ego-Dystonic --- Ego-Dystonic Homosexuality --- Homosexuality, Ego Dystonic --- Moral Duties --- Duties, Moral --- Duty, Moral --- Moral Duty --- Moral Obligation --- Obligation, Moral --- Obligations, Moral --- Stigmatization --- methods --- deficiency --- education --- organization & administration --- diagnosis --- prevention & control --- therapy --- epidemiology --- Venereology --- Reproductive Tract Infections --- Policy Making --- Pharmacy Audit --- Audit, Pharmacy --- Pharmacy Audits --- XMRV Infection --- Xenotropic MuLV-related Virus Infection --- Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related Virus Infection --- Infection, XMRV --- Infections, XMRV --- XMRV Infections --- Xenotropic MuLV related Virus Infection --- Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus related Virus Infection --- Public Health Administration --- Social Work --- Community Health Planning --- Occupations --- Defamation --- Lawyers --- Medical History Taking --- Empirical Research --- HIV Seronegativity --- Economics --- Behavior Control --- Informed Consent By Minors --- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes --- HIV-1 --- AIDS Arteritis, Central Nervous System --- Pharmacy Philosophy --- Pharmacy Philosophies --- Philosophies, Pharmacy --- Philosophy, Pharmacy --- Gynecology --- Infectious Disease Medicine --- Disease Eradication --- Power (Psychology) --- Social Conformity --- Retrospective Moral Judgment --- Minority Health --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Human Rights Abuses --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- HIV infections --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Preventive Psychiatry --- Ethical Theory --- Immunity --- Immunochemistry --- Rehabilitation Research --- Bedridden Persons --- Immobilization --- Sports for Persons with Disabilities --- Health Services for Persons with Disabilities --- Sex --- Reproductive Behavior --- Cross Infection --- Censorship, Research --- Sensitivity and Specificity --- Healthcare Workers --- Healthcare Worker --- Immunity, Active --- HIV Coinfection --- Coinfection, HIV --- Coinfections, HIV --- HIV Coinfections --- Disease Prevention, Primary --- Disease Preventions, Primary --- Primary Disease Prevention --- Primary Disease Preventions --- Preventive Dentistry --- Prophylactic Surgical Procedures --- Public Assistance --- Mental Disorders --- International Law --- Dissent and Disputes --- Disease Outbreaks --- Disease Transmission, Infectious --- HIV Antibodies --- Opinions --- Opinion --- Intention --- Sexual and Gender Minorities --- Social Perception --- Health Workforce --- Psychology, Perceptual --- Perceptual Psychology --- history --- AIDS (Disease) - History. --- AIDS (Disease) - Social aspects. --- Medicine - History - Research - Methodology. --- history.