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Kazachstan is onafhankelijk sinds 1991. Sinds de jaren negentig staat Kazachstan bekend als een belangrijke olie- en gasproducent en kent een exploderende economie. Dit leidde tot een nieuw zelfbewustzijn bij de machthebbers. De bevolking had grootse verwachtingen maar de kloof tussen rijk en arm, tussen modern en traditioneel groeit nog steeds.

Regional documentation --- Kazakhstan --- 282 Landbeschrijvingen (sociaal-economisch-cultureel) --- Kazachstan --- landenreeksen --- BPB1002 --- 308 <57> --- <574> --- 338 --- 338 Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten --- 308 <57> Sociografie. Sociaal economische geografie. Sociale toestand--Aziatisch Rusland --- Sociografie. Sociaal economische geografie. Sociale toestand--Aziatisch Rusland --- Kazachstan. Kasachstan --- Sociale aardrijkskunde --- Economische aardrijkskunde --- Politiek --- Geschiedenis --- Toerisme --- Azië --- Bevolking --- Cultuur --- Казахстан --- Kazachstanas --- Kasakhstan --- Καζαχστάν --- An Chasacstáin --- Kazakistani --- Kazachstán --- Kazakstan --- Kazajstán --- Kazahstāna --- Kazahstan --- Kasachstan --- il-Kazakistan --- Cazaquistão --- Kasahstan --- Kazahsztán --- Republiken Kazakstan --- Kazahstānas Republika --- República do Cazaquistão --- Kazakstanin tasavalta --- Republic of Kazakhstan --- die Republik Kasachstan --- Republika e Kazakistanit --- Republika Kazahstan --- Καζακστάν --- Kazachija --- Kazah Köztársaság --- Republiek Kazachstan --- República de Kazajstán --- République du Kazakhstan --- Republika Kazachstán --- Kazašská republika --- Republikken Kasakhstan --- Δημοκρατία του Καζαχστάν --- ir-Repubblika tal-Kazakistan --- Republika Kazachstanu --- Kasahstani Vabariik --- Republica Kazahstan --- Kazachstano Respublika --- Република Казахстан --- Repubblica del Kazakstan --- Nederland --- Geneeskunde --- Techniek (wetenschap) --- Atlas --- Museum --- Vietnam --- Zuid-Afrika --- Kust --- Maatschappij --- Film --- Literatuur --- Kazachstan.

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Europe de l'Est --- Minderhedenvraagstuk --- Minorités --- Nationalisme --- Oost-Europa --- Minorities --- Nationalism --- Europe, Eastern --- Politics and government --- -Minorities --- -Nationalism --- -327 --- 308 <438> --- 308 <574> --- 308 <474.2> --- 308 <478.9> --- 341.21 --- Consciousness, National --- Identity, National --- National consciousness --- National identity --- International relations --- Patriotism --- Political science --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Internationalism --- Political messianism --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Race relations --- Segregation --- SegregationPolitics and government --- -Europe, Eastern --- Poland --- Estonia --- Moldavië --- Kazakhstan --- 327 --- Pologne --- Minorities - Europe, Eastern --- Nationalism - Europe, Eastern --- Europe, Eastern - Politics and government - 1989 --- -Minorités --- Moldavie

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Spin Dictators traces how leaders such as Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew and Peru's Alberto Fujimori pioneered less violent, more covert, and more effective methods of monopolizing power. The book reveals why most of today's authoritarians are spin dictators--and how they differ from the remaining "fear dictators" such as Kim Jong-un and Bashar al-Assad, as well as from masters of high-tech repression like Xi Jinping.

Political systems --- BPB9999 --- BPB2210 --- dictatuur --- desinformatie --- censuur --- sensuuri --- ċensura --- cinsireacht --- λογοκρισία --- cenzūra --- Zensur --- cenzura --- censure --- cenzúra --- censurë --- censorship --- cenzură --- цензура --- censur --- tsensuur --- censura --- förhandsgranskning --- прелиминарна цензура --- předběžná cenzura --- následná cenzura --- автоцензура --- dezinformacja --- disinformaatio --- παραπληροφόρηση --- dezinformáció --- desinformação --- dezinformare --- desinformatsioon --- dezinformācija --- désinformation --- diżinformazzjoni --- дезинформација --- bréagaisnéis --- дезинформация --- keqinformim --- dezinformácia --- dezinformacija --- desinformación --- Desinformation --- disinformation --- disinformazione --- dezinformace --- desinformation --- погрешна информација --- viltus ziņa --- falske nyheder --- maldināšana --- αναληθές δημοσίευμα --- bulo --- fausses informations --- lažne vijesti --- nepnieuws --- fejknyheter --- noticias falsas --- ψευδείς ειδήσεις --- fałszywa informacja --- bufala --- știri false --- falošné správy --- aħbarijiet foloz --- notizie false --- potegavščina --- fake news --- неточна информација --- álhír --- embuste --- qerq --- falešná informace --- nieprawdziwe informacje --- nepravdivá informace --- невярна информация --- falska nyheter --- Falschmeldung --- pettus --- gezielte Falschmeldungen --- libauudised --- fakenieuws --- melagingos naujienos --- canular --- bluff --- hamis információ --- измислица --- menzogna --- boato --- falešné zprávy --- misinformation --- лажна информација --- melagingi pranešimai --- valeuutiset --- hoax --- lažna vijest --- фалшиви новини --- Hoax --- lažne novice --- notícia falsa --- diktatur --- dictatorship --- δικτατορία --- diktatuur --- diktatúra --- diktatūra --- Diktatur --- dictatură --- deachtóireacht --- diktatuuri --- diktatura --- ditadura --- dictadura --- dittatura --- диктатура --- diktaturë --- dictature --- dyktatura --- диктаторски режим --- diktátorství --- diktátori rendszer --- апсолутна власт --- régimen dictatorial --- авторитарна власт --- regime dittatoriale --- diktatórikus rendszer --- неограничена власт --- parancsuralom --- режим --- vláda neomezené moci --- mal-information --- Authoritarianism. --- Dictators. --- Mass media --- Mass media Political aspects --- Political aspects --- Communication in politics --- Tyrants --- Heads of state --- Political science --- Authority --- Political aspects. --- Despotism. --- félretájékoztatás --- škodlivá informácia --- informare rău-voitoare --- informazzjoni ħażina --- informare greșită --- irreführende Information --- misinformaatio --- väärinfo --- zlonamerne informacije --- hamis tájékoztatás --- má informação --- väärä tieto --- mífhaisnéis --- informacja szkodliwa --- neúmyselne nepravdivá informácia --- virheellinen tieto --- bevidst misinformation --- misinformatie --- pogrešna informacija --- miżinformazzjoni --- informação errada --- nepareiza informācija --- εσφαλμένη πληροφόρηση --- maldinoša informācija --- nesprávná informace --- falsk information --- klaidinga informacija --- pakenkti skirta informacija --- información falsa --- informacja wprowadzająca w błąd --- mésinformation --- drochfhaisnéis --- Fehlinformation --- zavádějící informace --- napačne informacije --- malinformazione --- lažna informacija --- Falschinformation --- κακόβουλη πληροφόρηση --- Schadinformation --- información errónea --- cattiva informazione --- Propaganda. --- Spin doctors. --- Autoritarisme. --- Dictateurs. --- Propagande. --- Activism. --- Alberto Fujimori. --- Amnesty International. --- Animal Farm. --- António de Oliveira Salazar. --- Appellate Body. --- Aristocracy. --- Autocracy. --- Ayatollah. --- Ballot. --- Beijing. --- Bersih. --- Bill Clinton. --- Burberry. --- Censorship. --- Communism. --- Communist state. --- Corruption. --- Currency. --- Debt. --- Dictatorship. --- Disinformation. --- Dissident. --- Economic development. --- Economy of the Soviet Union. --- El Comercio (Peru). --- Electronic media. --- Enlace. --- Entrepreneurship. --- Erich Honecker. --- Estado Novo (Portugal). --- External debt. --- Flagellation. --- Flattery. --- Foreign direct investment. --- Fraud. --- Freelancer. --- French Revolution. --- Gastarbeiter. --- Google Translate. --- Ideology. --- Immigration. --- Income. --- Incumbent. --- Industrial society. --- Infrastructure. --- Institution. --- International law. --- Isaias Afwerki. --- Jeune Afrique. --- Judicial deference. --- Kazakhstan. --- Language interpretation. --- Lee Kuan Yew. --- Legitimation. --- Leninism. --- Liberal democracy. --- Liberalism. --- Liberia. --- Life and Fate. --- Loyalty. --- Lyndon B. Johnson. --- Marketing. --- Mexico City. --- Military. --- Moscow Metro. --- Multilateralism. --- National Front Party (Libya). --- Newspaper. --- Norbert Elias. --- Nursultan Nazarbayev. --- Opinion poll. --- Persuasion (novel). --- Politics. --- Presidente (beer). --- Print Media. --- Printing. --- Red Army Faction. --- Respondent. --- Robert Mundell. --- Rule of thumb. --- Ruler. --- Security forces. --- Shame. --- Silvio Berlusconi. --- Soviet Union. --- State of emergency. --- Supermajority. --- Supporter. --- Terrorism. --- The Law Firm. --- United States dollar. --- Vladimir Putin. --- Voting. --- War. --- Waterboarding. --- Wealth. --- Work of art. --- Workforce. --- AUTHORITARIANISM --- DICTATORS --- MASS MEDIA--POLITICAL ASPECTS --- PROPAGANDA

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This report produced in co-operation with the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Transport Forum (ITF) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) identifies the misalignments between climate change objectives and policy and regulatory frameworks across a range of policy domains (investment, taxation, innovation and skills, trade, and adaptation) and activities at the heart of climate policy (electricity, urban mobility and rural land use). Outside of countries’ core climate policies, many of the regulatory features of today’s economies have been built around the availability of fossil fuels and without any regard for the greenhouse gas emissions stemming from human activities. This report makes a diagnosis of these contradictions and points to means of solving them to support a more effective transition of all countries to a low-carbon economy.

Environment --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Sciences --- Economics --- Denmark --- Annual reports --- Zwitserland --- statistiek --- economische politiek --- economische indicatoren --- economische situatiebeschrijvingen --- werkgelegenheid --- arbeidsmarkt --- fiscaliteit --- research & development --- OESO --- economische conjunctuur --- macro-economie --- vergrijzing --- monetaire politiek --- economische groei --- milieuproblematiek --- concurrentie --- immigratie --- Periodicals --- JP / Japan - Japon --- 93 --- 331.30 --- Chronologieën. --- Chronologies. --- 93 Chronologieën. --- 93 Chronologies. --- Chronologieën --- Economische toestand --- Business. --- Finance, Personal. --- Investments. --- Investing --- Investment management --- Portfolio --- Finance --- Disinvestment --- Loans --- Saving and investment --- Speculation --- Finance, Personal --- Financial management, Personal --- Financial planning, Personal --- Personal finance --- Personal financial management --- Personal financial planning --- Financial literacy --- Trade --- Management --- Commerce --- Industrial management --- Planning --- Economic history. --- Economic policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- Economic policy --- National planning --- State planning --- National security --- Social policy --- History, Economic --- Political aspects --- Estonia --- Estonia. --- E.N.S.V. --- Eesti --- Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistik Vabariik --- Eesti NSV --- Eesti Vabariik --- Ehstland --- ENSV --- Esthland --- Esthonia --- Estland --- Estonian S.S.R. --- Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic --- Estonian SSR --- Ėstonii︠a︡ --- Estonija --- Ėstonskai︠a︡ S.S.R. --- Ėstonskai︠a︡ Sovetskaia Sot︠s︡ialisticheskaia Respublika --- Ėstonskai︠a︡ SSR --- Estonskaya S.S.R. --- Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sot︠s︡ialisticheskaya Respublika --- Estonskaya SSR --- R.P.S.S. Estonia --- Republic of Estonia --- RPSS Estonia --- Viro --- Эстония --- Ėstli︠a︡ndskai︠a︡ gubernīi︠a︡ (Russia) --- Ostland --- Ėstonii͡ --- Ėstonskai͡a S.S.R. --- Ėstonskai͡a Sovetskaia Sot͡sialisticheskaia Respublika --- Ėstonskai͡a SSR --- Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sot͡sialisticheskaya Respublika --- Russia (Federation) --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- OECD countries --- OECD member countries --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries --- Statistics --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- LU / Luxembourg - Luxemburg --- Economische toestand. --- AU / Australia - Australië - Australie --- AT / Austria - Oostenrijk - Autriche --- IS / Iceland - Ijsland - Islande --- NZ / New Zealand - Nieuw Zeeland - Nouvelle Zélande --- MX / Mexico - Mexique --- BR / Brazil - Brazilië - Brésil --- 262 Europese economische en monetaire politiek --- 338 (4) --- 338 (4) Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Europa --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Europa --- Finland --- pensioen --- sociale zekerheid --- huisvestingsbeleid --- gezondheidszorg --- onderwijs, bestuur --- globalisering --- 338 <438> --- 338 <438> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Polen --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Polen --- costa rica --- ocde --- oeso --- #ETEW:TSCAT --- 338 <435.9> --- 338 <435.9> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Groothertogdom Luxemburg --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Groothertogdom Luxemburg --- 338 (439) --- 338 (439) Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Hongarije --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Hongarije --- Yearbooks --- Spanje --- entrepreneurship --- overheidsbedrijven --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- #SBIB:311.21 G --- #SBIB:33H000 --- 462 Economisch beleid --- Economische toestand 338.1 --- OESO / OCDE / OECD 339.92OECD --- 09.01.a --- Statistische gegevens --- Economie: algemene werken --- Sociale verzekering ; België ; Algemeen --- Economic development --- -282 Landbeschrijvingen (sociaal-economisch-cultureel) --- 330.9005 --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- argentine --- argentinie --- tunisie --- tunesie --- 338 <497.4> --- 338 <497.4> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Slovenie --(vanaf 1991) --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Slovenie --(vanaf 1991) --- 338 <437.6> --- 338 <437.6> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Slovakije --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Slovakije --- International economic relations --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development --- FI / Finland - Finlande --- #A91M1 --- #A9209A --- #A9707A --- België --- #SBIB:316.334.3M54 --- #SBIB:316.8H40 --- #A9902A --- Organisatie en financiering van de gezondheidszorg --- Sociaal beleid: social policy, sociale zekerheid, verzorgingsstaat --- Spendings tax. --- Consumption tax --- Expenditure tax --- Taxation of consumption --- Taxation of expenditures --- Taxation of spendings --- Sales tax --- Taxation --- Energy --- Business, Economy and Management --- Social Sciences --- International Business & Transnational Corporations --- Developmental Issues & Socioeconomic Studies --- Political Science --- Public Policy & Administration --- Regional and International Studies --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Brazil --- Economic indicators --- Quality of life --- Energy policy. --- Labor market. --- Labor movement. --- Working class. --- Commons (Social order) --- Labor and laboring classes --- Laboring class --- Labouring class --- Working class --- Working classes --- Social classes --- Labor --- Social movements --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Employment --- Supply and demand --- Climate change mitigation. --- Climatic changes --- Climate mitigation --- Climatic mitigation --- Mitigation of climate change --- Environmental protection --- Government policy. --- Economic aspects. --- Mitigation --- European Union countries --- Economic conditions. --- Energy development. --- Energy policy --- Sustainable development --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Albania --- Economic surveys --- CN / China - Chine --- Social ethics --- Economic forecasting - Japan --- Globalization - Japan --- Japan - Economic conditions - 21st century --- Japan - Economic policy - 21st century --- Radioactive waste disposal --- Nuclear power plants --- Nuclear energy --- Decommissioning --- Labor supply --- Labor force --- Labor force participation --- Labor pool --- Work force --- Workforce --- Labor market --- Human capital --- Labor mobility --- Manpower --- Manpower policy --- International trade --- Service industries --- Industries --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Kazakhstan --- Lesotho --- Health indicators. --- Nutrition -- Europe. --- Public health -- Europe. --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Public Health - General --- Norway --- -Taxation --- Pakistan --- Medical care --- Public health --- Quality control. --- Japan --- City planning --- Poland --- Fisheries --- Fish trade --- Fishing boats --- Social Issues/Migration/Health --- Finance and Investment --- Burkina Faso --- Debts, External --- Medical personnel --- Management. --- Economic development. --- Australia --- Switzerland --- France --- Belgium --- Environmental policy --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Austria --- New Zealand --- Education. --- Japan. --- Economic forecasting --- Czech Republic --- Canada --- Education --- Costa Rica --- Income --- Income tax --- Power resources --- Electric power production --- Environmental aspects. --- OECD-länderna. --- Water-supply --- Occupational training. --- Luxembourg --- Governance --- Tunisia --- Politics and government. --- Educational leadership --- School supervision --- Teachers --- Sustainable agriculture --- Corporations --- Double taxation. --- Double taxation --- Law and legislation. --- Labor economics. --- Business enterprises. --- Greece --- Lithuania --- Hungary --- Economic surveys. --- Germany --- Emigration and immigration --- Businesspeople --- Small business --- Economic assistance --- Mexico --- -Economic history. --- Globalization --- -Economic surveys --- MARCHE DE L'ACIER --- SIDERURGIE --- METALLURGIE --- -Austria