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This study reviews how West African deforestation is represented and the evidence which informs deforestation orthodoxy. The authors argue that more attention to local knowledge and practices is necessary for appropriate environmental policies.

Deforestation --- Environment and ecology. --- Forestry --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Control --- Africa, West. --- Conversion, Forest --- Depletion of forests --- Disforestation --- Forest conversion --- Forest depletion --- Forest-land conversion --- Africa, Western --- West Africa --- Western Africa --- Clearing of land --- Forest fires --- Plants --- Extinction

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633.493 --- 631.582 --- Cassava --- -Cropping systems --- -Shifting cultivation --- -Bush fallow cultivation --- Cultivation, Shifting --- Forest fallow cultivation --- Shifting agriculture --- Slash and burn cultivation --- Swidden farming --- Agriculture --- Burning of land --- Clearing of land --- Cropping systems --- Fallowing --- Tillage --- Agricultural systems --- Soil management --- Bitter cassava --- Casava --- Jatropha manihot --- Mandioca --- Manihot esculenta --- Manihot manihot --- Manihot utilissima --- Manioc --- Sweet-potato tree --- Tapioca plant --- Yuca --- Manihot --- Cassava. Manioc. Manihot utilissima --- Crop rotation --- Shifting cultivation --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Development Studies --- Development Economics --- Africa --- cassava --- rural development --- tropical agriculture --- -Cassava. Manioc. Manihot utilissima --- Development Economics. --- -631.582 Crop rotation --- 633.493 Cassava. Manioc. Manihot utilissima --- Bush fallow cultivation --- Rural development --- cropping systems --- cultural methods --- Agricultural techniques --- Plant husbandry --- Agronomy --- Systèmes de culture --- Agriculture itinérante --- Systèmes de culture --- Agriculture itinérante --- Culture itinérante --- Système de culture --- Mode de culture --- 631.582 Crop rotation --- Cassava - Africa --- Cropping systems - Africa --- Shifting cultivation - Africa --- Kwango-kwilu

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It has proved hard to establish national parks in Africa, Asia, and South and Central America, where inhabitants are resistant to change. This text explores the alternatives of integrated conservation and development projects & related initiatives.

Rain forest conservation --- Deforestation --- Forest ecology --- Non-timber forest resources --- Sustainable forestry --- Habitat conservation --- Ecotourism --- Control --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Forestry --- Forest Economics --- CON Bioconservation --- Latin America --- bioconservation --- conservation --- forest conservation --- nature conservation --- tropical forests --- Forest Economics. --- E-books --- Non-timber forest products --- Eco-tourism --- Eco-travel --- Ecological tourism --- Ecotravel --- Environmental tourism --- Green tourism --- Nature tourism --- Tourism --- Conservation of habitat --- Habitat preservation --- Habitat protection --- Habitat (Ecology) --- Preservation of habitat --- Protection of habitat --- Nature conservation --- Forest productivity, Maintenance of long-term --- Long-term forest productivity, Maintenance of --- Maintenance of long-term forest productivity --- Forests and forestry --- Sustainable agriculture --- Forest resources, Non-timber --- Non-wood forest products --- Nontimber forest products --- Nontimber forest resources --- Forest products --- Ecology --- Conversion, Forest --- Depletion of forests --- Disforestation --- Forest conversion --- Forest depletion --- Forest-land conversion --- Clearing of land --- Forest fires --- Plants --- Forest conservation --- Conservation --- Protection --- Extinction --- Forest ecosystems --- Rain forest conservation - Latin America. --- Deforestation - Control - Latin America. --- Forest ecology - Latin America. --- Non-timber forest resources - Latin America. --- Sustainable forestry - Latin America. --- Habitat conservation - Latin America. --- Ecotourism - Latin America.