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Mongolia is an expansive land-locked country, tilted by tectonic forces to the North, that experiences extremes of continental climate. Moisture-carrying wind currents are scarce so that the land has extended highs and lows in its environment. Culturally the people are mostly nomadic, having been sustained for centuries by an economy based on domestic livestock grazing. There is a saying that, `As the noses go, so goes Mongolia', referring to the domesticated grazing noses of sheep, goats, camels, yaks or horses, and wild ungulates such as gazelles. The vast fenceless steppes of Mongolia furnish the vegetation for grazing. With such extremes in climate it is clear that the vegetation must be resilient and dynamic to cope with the dictates of its extremely harsh environments. Pollen profiles from lakes, plant macrofossils and other data over the last 15,000 years show the dynamic nature of Mongolian vegetation. Currently Mongolian society is experiencing much human-driven economic development which increases pressure on its vegetation. The Great Khural Laws of 1995 forcefully addressed such environmental concerns with the expanded establishment of National Reserves and Parks. But continued effort and vigilance must be expended to insure that Mongolian society will continue to be sustained by its vegetation. This book highlights work such as conserving and restoring plant diversity in various ecosystems and makes recommendations for sustaining the vegetation basis of the nomadic Mongolian society.

Mongolia --- vegetation dynamics --- vegetation history --- vegetation management --- nature conservation --- Plant physiology. --- Plant ecology. --- Biochemistry. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Hydrogeology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Groundwater --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Botany --- Phytoecology --- Plants --- Vegetation ecology --- Ecology --- Physiology --- Composition --- Floristic ecology

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Global warming, environmental changes, water shortage, and sustainable development are the most up-to-date issues, which have challenged mankind. Researchers worldwide are engaged in addressing some of these problems, including reduction in carbon dioxide accumulation, and enrichment of perennial woody species on the terrestrial ecosystem. About 12 million hectares of the world's forests disappear every year. By 2025, the world population will reach 7. 5 billion, and the forest area will be reduced to well below 50 % of the current area. Reforestation is an important to prevent the loss of forest resources including timber, biodiversity and water resources. Therefore, subsequent volume of reforestation over the deforested land should be followed to safeguard the forests and maintain its size, which will require a continuous supply of planting material. Similarly fruit trees, including tropical and subtropical fruit trees, are consumed both as fresh and in the processed form including juices, beverages, and dried fruits. They are an important source of nutrition e. g. rich in vitamins, sugars, aromas and flavour compounds, and raw material for food processing industries. The production, cultivation and maintenance of tree species provide highly sustainable production systems that conserve soils, microenvironment and biodiversity. Fruit trees have longjuvenile periods and large tree size. In many fruit trees e. g. avocado and others controlled crosses are difficult to make due to massive fruit drop.

Fruit --- Trees --- Woody plants --- Basic Sciences. Biotechnology --- Micropropagation. --- Plant genetics. --- Forestry. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Biochemistry. --- Trees. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. --- Plant Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Tree Biology. --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Timber --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Genetics --- Composition --- Floristic botany

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Algae, generally held as the principal primary producers of aquatic systems, inhabit all conceivable habitats. They have great ability to cope with a harsh environment, e.g. extremely high and low temperatures, suboptimal and supraoptimal light intensities, low availability of essential nutrients and other resources, and high concentrations of toxic chemicals, etc. A multitude of physiological, biochemical, and molecular strategies enable them to survive and grow in stressful habitats. This book presents a critical account of various mechanisms of stress tolerance in algae, many of which may occur in microbes and plants as well.

Algae --- Algues --- ALG Algae --- biochemistry --- light --- nutrients --- pesticides --- physiology --- stress --- temperature --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Ecology . --- Water pollution. --- Biochemistry. --- Microbiology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Ecology. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Composition --- Ecology --- Floristic botany --- ALGAE --- ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS --- ECOPHYSIOLOGY --- ADAPTATION --- STRESS RESPONSE

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In the five years since the publication of Molecular Systematics of Plants, the field of molecular systematics has advanced at an astonishing pace. This period has been marked by a volume of new empirical data and advances in theoretical and analytical issues related to DNA. Comparative DNA sequencing, facilitated by the amplification of DNA via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has become the tool of choice for molecular systematics. As a result, large portions of the Molecular Systematics of Plants have become outdated. Molecular Systematics of Plants II summarizes these recent achievements in plant molecular systematics. Like its predecessor, this completely revised work illustrates the potential of DNA markers for addressing a wide variety of phylogenetic and evolutionary questions. The volume provides guidance in choosing appropriate techniques, as well as appropriate genes for sequencing, for given levels of systematic inquiry. More than a review of techniques and previous work, Molecular Systematics of Plants II provides a stimulus for developing future research in this rapidly evolving field. Molecular Systematics of Plants II is not only written for systematists (faculty, graduate students, and researchers), but also for evolutionary biologists, botanists, and paleobotanists interested in reviewing current theory and practice in plant molecular systematics.

Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Botany - General --- Plants --- Nucleotide sequence. --- Classification --- Molecular aspects. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Biochemistry. --- Animal anatomy. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Animal Anatomy / Morphology / Histology. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Animal anatomy --- Physiology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Anatomy --- Composition --- Floristic botany --- Molecular systematics, Plant --- Plant molecular systematics --- Plant molecular biology --- Analysis, Nucleic acid sequence --- Analysis, Nucleotide sequence --- Base sequence (Nucleic acids) --- DNA sequence --- Nucleic acid sequence analysis --- Nucleotide sequence analysis --- RNA sequence --- Sequence, Nucleotide --- Nucleic acids --- Nucleotides --- Sequence alignment (Bioinformatics) --- Analysis

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Research on the interactions of plants and phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the most interesting and rapidly moving fields in the plant sciences, the findings of which have contributed tremendously to the development of new strategies of plant protection. This book offers insight into the state of present knowledge. Special emphasis is placed on recognition phenomena between plants and fungi, parasitization strategies employed by the phytopathogenic fungi, the action of phytotoxins, the compatibility of pathogens with host plants and the basic resistance of non-host plants as well as cultivar-specific resistance of host plants. Special attention is paid to the gene-for-gene hypothesis for the determination of race-specific resistance, its molecular models and to the nature of race non-specific resistance as well as the population dynamics of plants and the evolution of their basic resistance.

632.4 --- 581.2 --- #ABIB:atte --- Algal and fungal diseases of plants. Plant mycoses etc. --- Plant diseases. Plant pathology. Phytopathology. Plant malformation --- FUN Fungi & Lichenes --- Fungi --- host-parasite interactions --- parasitic fungi --- phytopathology --- plant protection --- 581.2 Plant diseases. Plant pathology. Phytopathology. Plant malformation --- 632.4 Algal and fungal diseases of plants. Plant mycoses etc. --- Plant-pathogen relationships. --- Phytopathogenic fungi. --- Agent pathogène --- Relation hôte parasite --- Host parasite relations --- Fungal diseases of plants --- Phytopathogenic fungi --- Plant-pathogen relationships --- Host plant-parasite relationships --- Host plant-pathogen relationships --- Pathogen-plant relationships --- Plant-parasite relationships --- Plant-pathogen interactions --- Relationships, Plant-pathogen --- Host-parasite relationships --- Plant-microbe relationships --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Fungi, Phytopathogenic --- Plant fungi --- Fungi in agriculture --- Pathogenic fungi --- Fungal plant diseases --- Fungous diseases of plants --- Plant mycoses --- Mycoses --- Plant diseases --- Plants --- Algal and fungal diseases of plants. Plant mycoses etc --- Host plants --- Effect of mycotoxins on --- Fungal diseases of plants. --- Pathogens --- genetic markers --- Plant pathology. --- Microbiology. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Agriculture. --- Forestry. --- Biochemistry. --- Plant Pathology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Composition --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Floristic botany