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Atmosphere --- Mesosphere --- Stratosphere
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Climatology --- Climatic changes --- Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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Don d'André Berger
Climatology --- Geophysics --- Ocean-atmosphere interaction --- Congresses --- Climatology - Congresses --- Geophysics - Congresses --- Ocean-atmosphere interaction - Congresses
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The present volume is the second one in the Space Sciences Series of ISSI (Inter national Space Science Institute) and the October 1997 issue of Space Science Reviews. It contains the proceedings of the first workshop in the ISSI study project on "Source and Loss Processes of Magnetospheric Plasma", which was held at ISSI in Bern on October 1-5, 1996. The participants in the project, the project team, numbered at that time 51, of whom 45 participated in the workshop. The main tasks of the first workshop were to provide a basis for the further work by means of presentation and discussion of those 16 review papers which are pub lished in this volume and to prepare plans for the work of six working groups in the year up to the second workshop in October 1997. The ISSI study project on "Source and Loss Processes of Magnetospheric Plas ma" was selected by ISSI in December 1995 as the first in the solar-terrestrial physics field after consulting a number of groups of senior scientists represent ing the international space physics community at large. The undersigned, Bengt Hultqvist, is the project leader. A Core Group, consisting of two co-chairs for each of six working groups and four ex-officio members from the Space Science Com mittee of ISSI (H. Balsiger, A. Galeev, G. Haerendel, and D. Southwood), con vened at ISSI in March 1996.
Astrophysics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Space plasmas --- Plasmasphere --- Magnetosphere --- Upper atmosphere
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Swietokrzyskie Mountains (Poland) --- -Góry Świętokrzyskie (Poland) --- Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) --- Climate --- -Climate --- Atmospheric physics --- Boundary layer (Meteorology) --- Atmosphere, Lower --- Atmospheric boundary layer --- Friction layer (Meteorology) --- Ground layer (Meteorology) --- Lower atmosphere --- Planetary boundary layer --- Surface boundary layer --- Surface layer (Meteorology) --- Atmosphere --- Aerophysics --- Atmospheric sciences --- Physical meteorology --- Geophysics --- Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Poland) --- Góry Świętokrzyskie (Poland) --- Climate. --- Meteorology, Physical --- Atmospheric science --- Climatologie --- Mesures aerodynamiques
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La vie telle que nous la connaissons nécessite la présence d'eau liquide. La recherche spatiale a permis de mettre en évidence la présence d'eau à l'intérieur ou en surface de certains corps du système solaire. Ces mondes de notre système solaire sont-ils pour autant habitables ? Ou, autrement dit, les conditions nécessaires à la vie s'y retrouvent-elles, alors que ces planètes ne sont pas habitées ? S'y sont-elles retrouvées dans leur passé ? Aussi, au travers de cet ouvrage, nous interrogerons-nous sur les conditions nécessaires pour permettre à l'eau de rester liquide à la surface d'une planète. Nous démontrerons qu'au cours de l'histoire de la planète Mars, ces conditions ont bel et bien existé. Nous mettrons en évidence les circonstances qui ont entrainé la disparition de l'eau sous forme liquide à la surface de cette planète voisine de la Terre. Enfin, nous considérerons plus particulièrement combien la dynamique interne de la planète et les échanges entre les différents "réservoirs" sont importants pour le développement de la vie.
Solar system --- Business cycles --- Mars (planète) --- Système solaire --- Mars (Planet) --- Exploration --- Geology --- Atmosphere --- Description --- Système solaire. --- Mars (planète) --- Système solaire.
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Glaciology --- Glaciologie. --- Glaciologie --- Cryology --- Geology, Glacial --- Glacial geology --- Glaciogeology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Glaciers --- Earth Sciences --- General and Others --- Geography --- glaciology --- atmosphere --- climate --- palaeoclimatology --- environment --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Glaciologia. --- Glaceres --- Geomorfologia periglacial
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Geosphere-Biosphere Interactions and Climate brings together many of the world's leading environmental scientists to discuss the interaction between the geosphere/biosphere and climate. The volume arises from a working group of the prestigious Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. The chapters give a state-of-the-art summary of our current understanding of the present climate and environment by understanding Earth's past, human influence on the climate, a description of climate and its relation to the Earth's surface, ocean, and atmosphere, and future predictions of climate variability. This volume will be invaluable for researchers and graduate students in climate studies who wish to gain a multidisciplinary perspective of our current understanding of the interaction between the geosphere/biosphere and climate.
Meteorology. Climatology --- Climatology --- Nature --- Biogeochemical cycles --- Climatologie --- Homme --- Cycles biogéochimiques --- Congresses --- Effect of human beings on --- Congrès --- Influence sur la nature --- Terre --- Land --- Atmosphère --- Atmosphere --- Altération atmosphérique --- Weathering --- Climat --- climate --- Zone climatique --- climatic zones --- Changement climatique --- Climatic change --- Modèle --- Models --- Secteur agricole --- agricultural sector --- Industrie --- industry --- Impact sur l'environnement --- Environmental impact --- 551.58 --- 502.53 --- 550.47 --- -Biogeochemical cycles --- Biogeochemistry --- Cycles --- Ecology --- Climate --- Climate science --- Science of climate --- Meteorology --- The unbalanced or disturbed nature complex as a whole. Global change --- 502.53 The unbalanced or disturbed nature complex as a whole. Global change --- 551.58 Climatology --- 550.47 Biogeochemistry --- Cycles biogéochimiques --- Congrès --- Atmosphere. --- Climatology - Congresses. --- Nature - Effect of human beings on - Congresses. --- Biogeochemical cycles - Congresses.
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Climate can be defined as an ensemble of many weather phenomena. Clima tologists often use the mean (conventionally the monthly and annual mean) of weather-related parameters to describe climate. The mean value, however, is not all the climate. Climatic changes might occur if certain aspects of the distribution of extreme values change, while the mean does not. Katz and Brown (1992), for example, show from a theoretical viewpoint that in a changing climate, extreme values are determined more by changes in variability than changes in the mean. Possible changes in extreme event frequency receive considerable attention along with the global warming, because extremes directly impact human society and the economy. For most societally sensitive extremes and related changes in their vari ability, an analysis based on daily data becomes necessary. This paper considers two aspects (relative and absolute values) of extreme temperatures on a daily basis. We do not consider spells of extreme days, periods which will likely have greater socio-economic and health impacts (Kalkstein et al., 1996; Wagner, 1999), than individual extreme days.
Meteorology. Climatology --- Atmospheric pressure --- Atmospheric temperature --- Climatic changes --- Observations --- History --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Atmospheric sciences. --- History. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- History, general. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Atmospheric temperature - Europe - Observations - History --- Atmospheric pressure - Europe - Observations - History --- Climatic changes - Europe - Observations - History
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