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Toxicology --- Poisons --- Toxicologie --- periodicals --- Periodicals. --- Physiological effect --- Périodiques --- Effets physiologiques --- Toxicology. --- Toxicity Tests. --- Public Health. --- Review Literature. --- Physiological effect. --- Chemistry --- Engineering --- Environmental Sciences --- Health Sciences --- Life Sciences --- General and Others --- Chemical Engineering --- Environmental Engineering --- Public health --- Biochemistry --- farmacologie --- toxicologie

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muziekpedagogiek --- Music --- 611 --- Naslagwerken muziekpedagogiek en didactiek - algemeen onderzoek --- Instruction and study --- Physiological aspects --- Physiological effect --- Psychology

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The current book is focussed on the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are the first pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) discovered in humans. For example, TLR4 was first recognized in humans in 1997 as a PRR recognizing the Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This discovery revolutionized the field of innate immunity and filled the long-standing gap in the pathogen recognition by the immune system. Now, it is well established that humans have 10 (TLR1-TLR10) and mice have 12 (TLR1-TLR13) functional TLRs, excluding TLR10 that is present as a defective pseudogene. TLRs are present as both membrane-bound extracellular (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10) and intracellular (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) PRRs in humans, which identify different pathogen or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs) and death or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by the host cells. A lot of development in the TLR biology has occurred in last 24 years since there first discovery in humans. The book is intended to describe their role in the host defence, human reproduction, non-infectious sterile inflammatory conditions, including brain immunity and cerebrovascular diseases, signaling mechanisms, adaptive immunity, and their targeting for drug development.

History of human medicine --- Immunology. Immunopathology --- immunologie --- farmacologie --- Cell receptors. --- Cell receptors --- Physiological effect. --- Receptors cel·lulars --- Receptors cel·lulars.

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"The book is devoted to an important aspect of pharmacology and pharmaceutical chemistry, i.e. the significance of stereoisomerism of drugs for their biological effect from the point of view of their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicology. The authors review the landmarks in the development of stereochemistry and stereopharmacology. Present-day IUPAC terminology is discussed; general issues of stereoisomerism are considered including separation of racemic mixtures and asymmetric synthesis of isomers, methods of quantifying the isomers of a drug in biological material. The authors put special emphasis on general problems of the influence of stereoisomerism on pharmacological and adverse effects of drugs. A classification of drugs based on stereochemical properties of their isomers is proposed. Possibilities of interaction of stereoisomers in racemic mixtures are discussed. A considerable portion of the book is devoted to pharmacological action of the main groups of drugs whose structure includes asymmetric atoms (that is, drugs with several isomers). Detailed attention is paid to advisability of developing single isomer drugs and to the specifics of their study at the stage of preclinical and clinical trials."--Publisher's description.

History of human medicine --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Clinical chemistry --- Biochemical engineering --- Biotechnology --- medische chemie --- bio-engineering --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- biotechnologie --- Stereoisomers --- Pharmacology. --- Farmacologia --- Estereoquímica --- Therapeutic use. --- Physiological effect.

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Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- Toxicology --- Legislation, Drug --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Drug abuse --- Drugs --- Toxicomanie --- Médicaments --- prevention & control --- Periodicals. --- Law and legislation --- Physiological effect --- Périodiques --- Droit --- Effets physiologiques --- Legislation, Drug. --- Substance-Related Disorders. --- Drug abuse. --- Drugs. --- prevention & control. --- Law and legislation. --- Physiological effect. --- Health Sciences --- Law --- General and Others --- Crime, Criminology and Law Enforcement --- farmacologie --- toxicologie