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As they set off for Madagascar in 2003, photographer Max Pam and writer Stephen Muecke adopted as their guiding principle the idea of contingency-central to which is the conscious embrace of risk and chance.

Contingency (Philosophy) --- Madagascar --- Description and travel. --- Madagaskar --- Democratic Republic of Madagascar --- Repoblika Demokratika n'i Madagaskar --- Repoblika Demokratika Malagasy --- République démocratique de Madagascar --- RDM --- Repoblikan'i Madagasikara --- République de Madagascar --- Repoblikan'i Madakasikara --- Description and travel --- Madagasikara --- Republic of Madagascar --- マダガスカル --- Madagasukaru --- מדגסקר --- Philosophy --- Malagasy Republic --- Photography, Artistic --- Photography --- Photographie artistique

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The book describes the Ankarana plateau and its cave network in Madagascar, depicting the natural environment of the Plateau as well as the natural processes which created the cave network of more than 100km with many galleries, some are very large and draped with different cave formations and underground rivers are inhabited with crocodiles and giant eels.This place is famous for its surface landscape formed with tsingy, natural needles formed by the weathering of limestone. The Ankarana is surrounded by native Madagascan rain forest inhabited with lemurs and it was a natural shelter for the Ankarana people whose kings were buried in caves. The cave system has been partially explored since the sixties and exploration is still in progress. The book includes several maps (geology, topography, hydrology), the survey of the caves and a brief description of the Ankarana Kingdom.

Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Hydraulic energy --- hydrologie --- grotten --- etnografie --- geologie --- geomorfologie --- hydraulica --- Madagascar

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Social psychology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology --- Vertebrates --- Zoology --- dierenecologie --- vertebraten --- sociale psychologie --- ecologie --- zoölogie --- Madagascar

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This book is a vivid history of Madagascar from the pre-colonial era to decolonization, examining a set of French colonial projects and perceptions that revolve around issues of power, vulnerability, health, conflict, control and identity. It focuses on three lines of inquiry: the relationship between domination and health fears, the island’s role during the two world wars, and the mystery of Malagasy origins. The Madagascar that emerges is plural and fractured. It is the site of colonial dystopias, grand schemes gone awry, and diverse indigenous reactions. Bringing together deep archival research and recent scholarship, Jennings sheds light on the colonial project in Madagascar, and more broadly, on the ideas which underpin colonialism.

International relations. Foreign policy --- History of civilization --- History --- History of France --- History of Africa --- imperialisme --- Afrikaans --- cultuurgeschiedenis --- geschiedenis --- Europese geschiedenis --- kolonialisme --- France --- North Africa --- Madagascar --- Africa

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Journal of religion in Africa publishes studies of the forms and history of religion on the African continent, with particular emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa and the relationships between christianity and Islam in the region.

Philosophy, African --- Philosophy, African. --- Religion. --- Africa --- Afrique --- Africa. --- Afrique. --- Religion --- 266 <05> --- 291 <05> --- 299.6 --- Missies. Evangelisatie. Zending--Tijdschriften --- Godsdienstwetenschap: vergelijkend--Tijdschriften --- Godsdiensten van Bantoes, Niloten, Soedannegers, Pygmeeën, Kaffers, Hottentotten, Bosjesmannen, Galla's, Bassuto's, Zoeloes --- Periodicals --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Religious studies --- Arts and Humanities. --- History. --- 299.6 Godsdiensten van Afrikaanse zwarte volkeren --- 299.6 Godsdiensten van Bantoes, Niloten, Soedannegers, Pygmeeën, Kaffers, Hottentotten, Bosjesmannen, Galla's, Bassuto's, Zoeloes --- Godsdiensten van Afrikaanse zwarte volkeren --- Afrika --- Philosophy --- Philosophie africaine --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Religion, Primitive --- African philosophy --- Pseudoreligion --- Atheism --- God --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Afrikaner --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Afryka --- Afryka. --- African Christianities --- West African Charismatic Christians --- the South African Ibandla lamaNazaretha --- Church of the Nazaretha --- gender --- Congo --- religious texts --- African church history --- Ogbu Kalu --- anthropology of Christianity --- African Independent Churches --- inculturation --- Pentecostalism --- African Christianity --- West African migrants --- diaspora --- immanence --- charismatic Christianity --- Anthropology of Religion --- Religious Studies --- African Studies --- Sociology of Religion --- History of Religion --- the Scottish Catholic mission stations --- Nigeria --- Christian prophecies --- South Africa --- Shari'a --- Salafism --- music --- the African Church --- Muslims --- Tanzania --- ; African Christianity --- Gordon Joseph Gray --- Bauchi (Nigeria) --- missionaries --- correspondence --- religious conversion --- political revolt --- rumors and prophecies --- Islamic criminal law --- Sharia --- Tijaniyya Sufi shaykh Ibrahim Salih --- Islamisation --- Islamic law --- Muslim-Christian relations --- Ibrahim Salih --- Northern Nigeria --- Islamic reform --- Islamic education --- book reviews --- born-again Christianity --- mission work --- the Upper Guinea Coast --- Apolo Kivebulaya --- medical pluralism --- generational antagonisms --- cursing --- ritual --- blessing --- African Pentecostalism --- Keswick spirituality --- Uganda --- adventure stories --- missionary heroism --- biography --- African independent churches (AIC) --- development --- modernity --- empirical research --- analysis --- American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) --- Umbundu Christians --- Angola --- pageant --- mission --- protestant --- Three Crosses (Angola) --- Sufism --- gender issues --- Senegal --- the Fifohazana --- healing --- the colonial mission legacy --- African Christian missionization --- migration --- Ghana --- London --- Islamic revival --- West Africa --- anticolonial prophecy --- Christian identity in Congo --- Pentecostal Church --- Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse (1900-1975) --- muqaddam --- Taalibe Baay (disciples of Niasse) --- Taalibe Baay movement --- feminism --- women --- islam --- evangelism --- Madagascar --- Lutherans --- colonial legacy --- African diasporas --- Fifohazana movement (Madagascar) --- American Lutherans --- Malagasy Lutherans --- Pentecostal Christianity (Ghana) --- Church of Pentecost (CoP) --- Pentecostal transformation --- witchcraft --- witch-hunting --- the People's Republic of Bénin --- Hijab --- modern Islam in Tunisia --- Ndau spirit possession practices in Zimbabwe --- Muslim women --- personal reform in Mali --- AIDS and religious practice in Africa --- rural Uganda --- Brazil --- Candomblé --- Vodun --- North Africa --- Ndau --- spirit possession --- ethnomusicology --- semiotics --- religious subjectivity --- gender relations --- moral agency --- African christianities --- prophetic selves --- spirit others --- Central Mozambique --- the charismatic dividual --- the sacred self --- apostolic prayers --- well-being --- Botswana --- Islam --- ethno-religious boundaries --- the Kenya Coast --- abolitionism --- imperialism --- Britain --- the Atlantic --- demonic conspiracy --- satanic abuse --- selfhood and otherness --- Christian conversion --- Gahuku-Gama (New Guinea) --- prophets --- Apostolics --- faith healing --- charismatics --- Apostolic churches --- Catholic Charismatics (New England) --- Eloyi --- Connolius --- hymns --- Mauss’s theory --- Apostolic Christians (Botswana) --- personhood in African Christianities --- confession --- deliverance --- Pentecostals in Ghana --- Kinshasa's Born-Again Christians --- Western civilization --- colonial Northern Nigeria --- sex --- salvation --- social sciences --- the ASC in Leiden --- Daswani (Ghana ) --- Pype (Congo) --- dividuality --- individuality --- Christian personhood --- born-again Christians --- newborn Christians --- the library of the ASC in Leiden, the Netherlands --- spiritist mediumship --- African-Americans --- black ancestral presence --- Afro-Cuban religions --- possession trance --- female power --- the Punu of Congo-Brazzaville --- the predynastic dancing Egyptian figurine --- Islamic authority --- Swahili weddings --- history writing --- political work --- Muslim associations --- the resurgence of Islam in Zambia --- divination baskets --- African Diaspora --- Black North American religion --- historiography --- Santería --- Espiritismo --- water spirits --- receptivity --- mother goddess --- predynastic Egypt --- Sudanese religion --- prehistoric religion --- neolithic --- ancient Egypt --- prehistoric Nilotic rituals --- Swahili --- sex instruction --- weddings --- Swahili Islam --- musical mediation --- Yoruba Christian diaspora --- religious transnationalism --- Zimbabwean Catholics in Britain --- the Murid Order --- the 'Doctrine of Work' --- Asaphs of Seraph --- mediation --- Yoruba --- reverse evangelization --- secularism --- integration --- Zimbabwean migrants --- Aḥmad Bamba --- conversion to Islam in Southern Côte d'Ivoire --- double identity --- Salafi radicalism --- Salafi counter-radicalism --- Boko Haram --- Pentecostal appropriation of public space --- tribalism --- the Hutu-Tutsi question --- Catholic rhetoric --- colonial Rwanda --- Côte d’Ivoire --- conversion --- nativism --- autochthony --- nationalism --- Wahhabism --- radicalism --- counter-radicalism --- religion and violence --- Islamic state --- modern education --- Islamic learning --- public spaces --- Rwanda --- genocide --- Hutu --- Tutsi --- Hamitic Hypothesis --- ethnic violence --- Colonial Rwanda --- conversion narratives --- Born-Again masculinity in Zambia --- Christianity --- the religion of pouring --- non-linear conversion --- Gambia --- Casamance Borderland --- Albert Schweitzer and Africa --- AIDS (HIV) --- Zambia --- men --- masculinities --- reference group theory --- multiethnic communities --- masculinity --- Muslim-Mandinka model --- Jola --- Mandinka --- Gabon --- Paris Missionary Society --- medical missionary --- colonialism --- sexuality --- reproduction --- relationships --- faith --- religious heterotopia --- neoliberal globalization --- Charismatic Churches --- Southwestern Nigeria --- singleness --- marriage --- Jesus --- female personhood --- urban Madagascar --- Northwestern Namibia --- Mozambique --- charismatic life --- Afro-Brazilian Pentecostal Re-Formation --- social mobility --- Identity --- Charismatic identity --- globalization --- emotion training --- monogamy --- femininity --- Pentecostal Charismatic Churches --- personhood --- stigmatization --- illegitimacy --- Namibia --- sin child --- extramarital affairs --- Afro-Brazilian Pentecostalism --- heterotopia --- Zaire --- Ford Philpot's Avengelical crusades in the Democratic Republic of Congo --- use of rings --- Bata drummers --- caravan guards --- muslim insurgents --- Ahmed Deedat --- internationalisation --- transformations of Islamic polemic --- churches --- development projects --- violence --- Eastern Uganda --- Ford Philpot --- crusade --- Democratic Republic of Congo --- Mobutu Sese Seko --- Jean-Perce Makanzu --- John Wesley Shungu --- Cuba --- orisha --- smithing --- christianism --- polemics --- proselytism --- NGOs --- Development Projects --- Satan --- political economy of neo-pentecostalism in Kenya --- the Protestant Church in Congo --- Mobutu --- Eritrean Pentecostalism --- Pentecostalism in Nigeria --- Stambeli --- trance --- alterity --- Tunisia --- Medina Gounass --- village Sufism in Senegal --- Faith Tabernacle Congregation --- Neo-Pentecostalism --- political legitimacy --- social exclusion --- spiritual uncertainty --- Kibera --- Nairobi --- Bokeleale --- asylum seekers --- refugees --- Ethiopia --- Eritrea --- Faith Tabernacle --- law --- public religion --- queer activism --- judicial politics in South Africa --- anti-mission churches --- colonial politics --- the African Orthodox Church in Kenya --- corporeality --- transgression in Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity --- oracles --- transnational religious and social dynamics in Africa --- the New African Diaspora --- British missionaries --- same-sex relationships --- same-sex marriage --- social movements --- same-sex rights --- lesbian and gay --- Orthodox Church in Kenya --- African Orthodox Church --- Archbishop Daniel William Alexander --- Kikuyu Karing’a Education Association --- Arthur Gathuna --- Reuben Mukasa Spartas --- obstetric fistula --- Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity --- Kenya --- occult --- politics of religious schooling --- Christian and Muslim engagements with education in Africa --- children --- Chagga Trust --- a New American Orphanage on Mount Kilimanjaro --- gendering Muslim self-assertiveness --- Muslim schooling and female elite formation in Uganda --- conversion to Islam --- religion and the formation of an urban educational market --- transnational reform processes and social inequalities in Christian and Muslim schooling --- Dar es Salaam --- Islamic schools in Ghana --- religious schooling --- Christian and Muslim revival --- Christian-Muslim relations --- American evangelical missionaries --- Muslim education --- minority politics --- makaranta --- education --- urban anthropology --- transnational reforms --- educational market --- history of education in Tanzania --- social inequality --- Christian-Muslim encounters --- identity --- Zanzibar --- Islamic liberation theology in South Africa --- modernization --- decolonization in Northern Nigeria --- the moral economy of Mbororo pilgrimage --- Osogbo --- faith in schools --- religion --- American Evangelicals in East Africa --- ethnic patriotism and the East African revival --- Journal of Religion in Africa --- predictability --- masheitani --- majinni --- Islamic liberation theology --- Farid Esack --- apartheid --- Islamism --- political Islam --- liberation theology --- shari’a --- sharia --- pastoralism --- pilgrimage --- moral economy --- ethnic relations --- repression --- human rights --- the diaspora --- Christian Revivalism and political imagination in Madagascar --- Hinduism --- Hindu religious instruction in Indian schools in South Africa during the 1950s --- salvation in urban Kenya --- myth --- religion and AIDS in Africa --- the politics of dress in Somali culture --- Ga ritual --- transnationalism --- political imagination --- exorcism --- Christian revival movements --- South African Hindu Maha Sabha --- Hindu identity --- Hindu diaspora --- salvation narratives --- Christian salvation --- linguistic analysis --- the East African Revival in Southern Uganda --- Ugandan Born-Again Christians and the moral politics of gender equality --- ontological transformation --- tradition --- girls' puberty rituals --- sacrifice and syncretism in South Sudan --- the black Jews of Africa --- history --- religion and identity --- Jews of Nigeria --- African pilgrimage --- ritual travel in South Africa's Christianity of Zion --- Catholic Pentecostalism --- Catholic Charismatic movements in Cameroon --- the Church and AIDS in Africa --- witchraft --- ghosts of Kanungu fertility --- the Great Lakes of East Africa --- African traditions in the study of religion in Africa --- indigenous spirituality --- world religions --- Evangelical Christians in the Muslim Sahel --- tolerance --- democracy --- Sufis in Senegal --- Balokole revival --- Ankole --- equality --- Kgatla puberty ritual --- mothei ritual --- Tswapong puberty ritual (mothei) --- ontological change --- invention of tradition --- Tswana --- seriti --- South Sudan --- People-to-People Peacemaking --- syncretism --- Babu wa Loliondo --- religious authority --- Sufi women in Ethiopia and Eritrea --- Basutoland --- 'Muslims and new media in West Africa' --- 'Cultural conversions' --- Christian missionaries --- Yoruba myth --- human consciousness --- the Catholic Church --- witch-hunts --- Pagans --- Western Uganda --- herbalism --- pluralistic medicine --- Northeast Africa --- Adolph Mabille (1836-1894) --- French missions --- transmission of religion --- Jonathan Edwards --- intertextuality --- Christian texts in nineteenth-century missionary correspondence from Yorubaland --- Baraji --- Southern Mali, West Africa --- the creative layering of belief in Southern Bénin --- the Devil --- Kenya's Born-Again election --- voleurs de sexe --- Pentecostal melodrama --- dynamics of religious expansion in a globalizing world --- Church Missionary Society --- discursive space --- Yorùbá mission --- ancestral relations --- Bambara --- Mali --- tourism --- spiritual tourism --- personal responsibility --- elections --- early modern demonology --- the Atlantic world --- the White Fathers --- colonial rule --- the Bahemba --- Sola, Northern Katanga --- preaching self-worth and succes --- single young women --- Nigerian Pentecostal Church --- the invention of God in indigenous societies --- the African Christian Diaspora --- world Christianity --- Islamic criminal law in Northern Nigeria --- politics --- judicial practice --- communication and conversion in Northern Cameroon --- the Dii people and Norwegian missionaries --- the inculturation of human rights in Ghana --- educating Muslim women --- Nana Asmu'u --- Hindu Gods in West Africa --- Shiva --- Krishna --- West Central Africa --- Katanga --- Catholicism --- Báhêmbá --- self-management --- religious practice --- doctrine of Zoe --- religious Mahbar in Ethiopia --- Pentecostal representations --- the Tayyibat --- halal consumption in South Africa --- Kenyan politics --- marginalization --- minority status --- slavery --- post-Apartheid --- the Evangelical Movement in Ethiopia --- Mulid festivals in contemporary Egypt --- the Tablighi Jama'at --- Afrika-Studiecentrum Leiden --- T.B. Joshua --- Emmanuel tv --- socioeconomic mobility --- breakthrough --- Cameroon --- halal --- Islamic dietary law --- cross-contamination --- taqwa --- religion and masculinities in Africa --- political masculinity --- citizenship --- patriarchal masculinity in recent Swahili-language Muslim sermons --- Muslim masculinity in Mali --- new forms of religion --- the production of social order in Kaduna City, Nigeria --- Christian Association Centres in Gambia --- the Baha'i faith --- new religious movements --- Liberia --- Aladura Church --- the South African Nazaretha Church --- the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God --- pneumatic Christianity in postcolonial societies --- Sierra Leone --- the United Brethren in Christ --- prophecy --- ideologies of time and space --- Afrika-Studiecentrum in Leiden --- masculinity politics --- sermons --- gender and Islam --- Islamic activism --- preaching --- preachers --- The Gambia --- Tabligh --- reform Islam --- Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) --- nonproselytizing Faith-Based Organisations (FBOS) --- the limits of Pentecostal political power in Nigeria --- Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity and the(im-)moralization of urban femininities in contemporary Kinshasa --- Salafism in Côte d'Ivoire --- radicalization of Ivoirian Islam --- spiritual insecurity --- religious importation --- Benin --- social change --- post-abolition Zanzibar --- Judaism --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- the politics of contradictory discourses --- Islamic reform in twentieth-century Africa --- ASCL --- political theology --- Pentecostalism (Nigeria) --- Christian femininities --- technology --- Kinshasa (Congo) --- terrorism --- Ivory Coast --- Voodoo --- Christian and Islamic Preaching in West Africa --- Salafi aesthetics --- the Sunnance in Niamey, Nigeria --- Zongos --- Asante, Ghana --- pedagogies of preaching --- Pentecostal Bible School --- oral transmission of the sacred --- Christ Embassy and NASFAT in Abuja --- Niamey --- Niger --- Sunnance --- wazu --- aesthetics --- charisma --- mimesis --- Pentecostal preaching --- history of religions --- ritual theory --- Abrahamic Traditions --- Fiasidi --- Southeastern Ghana --- 'Water Babies' (Zaza Rano) --- 'Real Human Beings' (Vrai Humains) --- rituals of blessing for the newly born in Diégo Suarez, Madagascar --- religious diversity --- 'ulama --- Mecca --- Medina --- Jawab al-Ifriqi --- Christian origins in Muslim Northern Nigeria --- divination --- ethnographic research --- interdenominational relations --- religious mobility --- Neo-Pentecostal Christianity --- Anlo-Ewe --- trokosi --- African religions --- ancestors --- birth rituals --- African Traditional Religion --- manifestation of spirit --- mysticism and metaphysics in West African religions --- the Second Coming --- successful life --- Guinea --- Evangelicalism --- Guinea-Bissau --- Edmond Perregaux --- the Akan --- African Hindus in Ghana --- religious space and identity --- spirit children --- modern Muslims --- 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traditional religions --- African Ontology --- Cultural Appreciation Movement --- Vodún --- Vodu --- Togo --- Togolese politics --- Mawu Lisa --- Vodún Rituals --- African sexuality --- homosexuality --- homophobia --- spiritual warfare --- gay rights --- gay-conversion therapies --- Mountain of Fire and Miracles (MFM) --- LGBT+ rights --- LGBT+ --- Prayer-Warriors --- militarisation --- social justice --- ethnographic theology --- xenophobia --- traditional leaders --- festivals --- Fetu Afahye festival --- pandemic --- Coastal Kenya --- Religious Coexistence --- Interfaith --- Indigenous African Religious Traditions --- referral --- African healing shrines --- Christian prayerhouses --- East Africa --- material culture --- miraculous medal --- youth --- spirituality --- values education --- concordat --- empire --- Holy See --- Portugal --- Credo Mutwa --- sangoma --- Zulu mythology --- Zulu religion --- African communitarianism --- collectivism --- communitarian liberalism --- liberal communitarianism --- presidential speeches --- Believers --- Greater Accra --- religious extremism --- interfaith relations --- Christians --- sususma --- kla --- spiritual world and spiritual cause --- rituals of affliction --- affliction --- black cat (alͻnte diŋ) --- Pentecostal Faith Movement --- African traditional religious practices --- Ulo Ubu --- prayer camps --- mental health --- Shona religion --- christian women --- Zimbabwe --- hate speech --- Nyaminyami (Water Spirit) --- BaTonga people --- religious pluralism --- extremist christian movements --- extremism --- prestidigitation --- sorcery --- trickery --- majini --- wachawi --- faith movements --- Pentecost --- charismatic movements --- African traditional religion --- social control --- beliefs --- gender studies --- cultural studies --- mental illnesses --- ecology --- climate change --- attitudes --- ethical practical bridge --- mutuality model --- interreligious dialogue --- christianity --- patriarchal --- media --- second Republic of Zimbabwe --- christian response --- traditional beliefs --- diffusion --- Kariba Gorge --- civic pluralism --- Mombassa --- methodology --- methodologies --- axioms --- definitions --- propositions --- theory of religion --- jihadism --- Central Africa Republic --- morality --- belief --- Kongo --- Nzambi --- earth spirits --- bisimbi --- chthonic beings --- Mabel Shaw (1889-1973) --- community of saints --- ancestor veneration --- polygamy --- fulfilment theology --- culture brokers --- demonisation --- Banamè Church --- Morocco --- Spanish Guinea --- catholicism --- transnational networks --- culture --- Wollo --- peaceful co-existence --- togetherness --- Born-again Christianity --- United Kingdom (UK) --- neo-prophetic Christianity --- Tchamba cults --- Ifá --- Odù Ifá --- Ifá corpus --- Yorùbá religion --- Òrìṣà logics --- cultural reconstruction --- cultural revival --- Igbo-Ukwu --- ọzọ title taking --- corona --- foreign relations --- Israel --- Akan --- Kwame --- Twereduampon --- decolonisation --- Twereduampon Kwame --- Akan religion --- Adventism in Africa --- early missionaries --- indigenous contributions --- global Christianity --- Seventh-day Adventist Church in Africa --- Seventh-day Adventism --- religiousness --- early career professionals --- religious coping --- Ghana’s public universities --- subjective well-being --- life satisfaction --- accommodation theory --- Yorùbá --- conceptual categories --- Jaime Pedro Gonçalves (1936-2016) --- religion and politics --- history of Mozambique --- official narratives --- emancipation --- Pokot --- Karimojong --- Asis --- Tororot --- Afrika.