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This book investigates the need for a more open and interdisciplinary dialogue on the nexus of food, water and energy security in the Arab region. It argues that achieving sustainable economic development is irretrievably tied to the security of the water–energy–food nexus, which is in turn essential for bringing about sustained peace. Further, it discusses various approaches to achieving these lofty objectives, and offers the following take-away messages: The Arab region is currently under considerable water stress, and the situation will continue to get worse with a number of global changes – most notably those related to climate and regional water distribution. Viable solutions are available in the Arab region and can be implemented through innovative policies, judicious use of new technologies, and stimulating public opinion. Integration across water, energy, and food sectors is obviously needed but achieving it in practice is extremely challenging. There are some gaps in the scientific understanding but at the same time there is a wealth of data and synthesized information that can guide decision-making.

Social stratification --- Chemistry --- Relation between energy and economics --- Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Food science and technology --- energiebeheer (technologie) --- energiemanagement (economie) --- energiebeleid --- voedingschemie --- energie-economie --- waterbehandeling --- chemie --- waterverontreiniging --- sociale ongelijkheid --- duurzame ontwikkeling

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Nature protection --- General ecology and biosociology --- Toxicology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- ecotoxicologie --- farmacologie --- toxicologie --- ecologie --- natuurbescherming --- ecosystemen --- vervuiling

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This is the fourth volume of the sabkha ecosystem series in Tasks for Vegetation Science. More than ten years have passed since the publication of the first volume, dealing with the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent countries. Volume two provided information on West and Central Asia, volume three on Africa and Southern Europe, where a lack of scientific capacity in this specialized field of saline dry lands was noticed. This is why volume three was comparatively thin. For the current volume however, we had almost thirty contributions, highlighting the importance of halophyte research and development, with a view to establishing pilot-farms, for food production, biofuel, analyzing atmospheric carbon sequestration, and also as places for ex situ halophyte biodiversity conservation. Two more volumes are planned, one on the sabkha ecosystems of the Americas and another one on Asia-Pacific, to conclude the global geographical coverage.

Teaching --- Thermodynamics --- Biology --- Relation between energy and economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Production management --- thermodynamica --- biobrandstoffen --- milieukunde --- biologie --- milieu --- onderwijs --- energie (technologie) --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- milieubeheer