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Business cycles --- Conjoncture économique --- Conjunctuur --- Crises financières --- Cycles économiques --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Financial crises --- Financiële crisissen --- Macro-economie --- Macroeconomics --- Macroéconomie --- AA / International- internationaal --- BE / Belgium - België - Belgique --- 333.613 --- 333.17 --- 333.50 --- 336.82 --- crise economique --- crise financiere --- 338.974 --- 338.974.1 --- 338.974.3 --- Activiteiten van de nationale en internationale markten. Beursnoteringen van aandelen en obligaties. --- Crises, saneringen en hervormingen van het bankwezen. --- Financiële instellingen: algemeenheden. --- Financiële tegemoetkomingen van de Staat in geval van crisis. --- economische crisis --- financiele crisis --- economische crisis - economische depressie - economische recessie --- economische crisis, oorzaken --- economische crisis, maatregelen ter bestrijding van de --- Activiteiten van de nationale en internationale markten. Beursnoteringen van aandelen en obligaties --- Crises, saneringen en hervormingen van het bankwezen --- Financiële instellingen: algemeenheden --- Financiële tegemoetkomingen van de Staat in geval van crisis

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Aging populations. Weather shocks. Scarce water. Globalization. Security threats. Policymakers today confront a number of developments that threaten to burden public budgets for decades to come, or bankrupt some entirely. This book argues that governments need to make policy changes now to take account of the potential fiscal consequences of these developments. After describing how, if at all, analysts, national governments, and international organizations currently address these long-term issues, the book stresses the vital need for a multipronged approach, involving strengthened analyses, greater attention to long-term issues and risk factors in budgeting, and institutional reforms that address the myopic biases of politicians and the public.

Fiscal policy --- Aging --- Climatic changes --- Politique fiscale --- Vieillissement --- Climat --- Economic aspects --- Aspect économique --- Changements --- 336.2 --- 364.2 --- #SBIB:043.IOS --- #SBIB:35H435 --- #SBIB:35H437 --- 430 Financien --- 540 Luchtverontreiniging --- Globalisering --- 460 Economie --- vieillissement --- environnement --- politique fiscale --- politique gouvernementale --- futurologie --- AA / International- internationaal --- 331.31 --- 336.61 --- 351.2 --- 355 --- 311.94 --- -Climatic changes --- -336.2 --- 336.748.8 IMF --- 614.7 --- 338.9 --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Age --- Ageing --- Senescence --- Developmental biology --- Gerontology --- Longevity --- Age factors in disease --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen --- Bijzondere maatschappelijke problemen --- Beleidssectoren: economisch en werkgelegenheidsbeleid --- Beleidssectoren: sociale zekerheid --- vergrijzing --- leefmilieu --- fiscaal beleid --- overheidsbeleid --- Economisch beleid. --- Financieel beleid. --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling. --- Milieu --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking. --- fiscaliteit - belastingen - retributies - belastinghervorming --- Internationaal Monetair Fonds - IMF --- milieu - leefmilieu - milieubeleid (zie ook 712) - duurzame ontwikkeling --- Environmental aspects --- Physiological effect --- Government policy --- Aging -- Economic aspects. --- Climatic changes -- Economic aspects. --- Fiscal policy. --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- 364.2 Bijzondere maatschappelijke problemen --- 336.2 Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- 336.2 Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- Economic aspects. --- Aspect économique --- Verdeling van de bevolking naar leeftijd. Veroudering van de bevolking --- Economisch beleid --- Financieel beleid --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- United States

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Comoros is a small, fragile island state (population: 850,000) with persistently low and shock-prone growth. The last Article IV Consultation (completed in early 2020) assessed Comoros’ fragility as arising from two vicious circles: economic fragility manifests in low fiscal revenue, insufficient government investment in human and physical capital, and pronounced vulnerability to shocks; while institutional fragility manifests in governance challenges, low government implementation capacity, and a weak judicial system. The circles feed into each other, undermining economic performance and stability. Overcoming fragility requires breaking both circles.

Deposit insurance --- Banks and banking --- Financial institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Finance --- Money --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Insurance --- Bank deposit insurance --- Insurance, Deposit --- Savings insurance --- Evaluation --- State supervision --- Government guaranty of deposits --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Business, Economy and Management. --- Economics --- General and Others. --- 330.342.36 --- 341.125 --- #ETEW:TSCAT --- #BS497 --- #ABIB:aleo --- #TS:ABIB --- (06) --- $?$97/04 --- 813 Methodologie --- 822.4 Internationale financiële instellingen --- 825 Ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- 830 Economie --- 837 Financiën en Bankwezen --- economie --- international --- AA / International- internationaal --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 331.31 --- 331.30 --- 338.340 --- 339.115 --- 331.061 --- 304.5 --- 334.151.20 --- 333.481 --- 341.125 Gespecialiseerde organisaties van de v.n. --- 341.125 UNICED. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development --- 341.125 WORLD BANK. Wereldbank --- Gespecialiseerde organisaties van de v.n. --- UNICED. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development --- WORLD BANK. Wereldbank --- 330.342.36 Wereldeconomie --- Wereldeconomie --- internationaal --- Economisch beleid --- Economische toestand --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Economische vooruitzichten --- Techniek van de statistische-econometrische voorspellingen. Prognose in de econometrie --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- International finance --- International economic relations --- Business, Economy and Management --- Social Sciences --- General and Others --- Developmental Issues & Socioeconomic Studies --- Economic history --- Histoire économique --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Evaluation. --- Economic forecasting --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economic development --- Economic development. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Trade: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- International economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Exports --- Yield curve --- Long term interest rates --- Short term interest rates --- Prices --- International trade --- Financial services --- Government debt management --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Interest rates --- Balance of payments --- Economic theory --- Debts, Public --- United States --- Foreign Exchange --- Fiscal Policy --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary economics --- Exchange rates --- Currencies --- Fiscal consolidation --- Fiscal policy --- Finance: General --- Production and Operations Management --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- HIV/AIDS --- Privatization --- Investment & securities --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Oil prices --- Structural reforms --- Productivity --- Asset prices --- Financial markets --- Macrostructural analysis --- Production --- Financial services industry --- Industrial productivity --- Financial Risk Management --- Industries: Financial Services --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Insurance companies --- Bank deposits --- Bank resolution framework --- Financial crises --- Financial safety nets --- Crisis management --- Malaysia --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Labor markets --- Unemployment rate --- Labor market --- Labor economics --- Budgeting --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public debt --- Budget planning and preparation --- Budget --- Russian Federation --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Civil service & public sector --- Pensions --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Revenue --- Finance, Public --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Trade barriers --- Price stabilization --- Commercial policy --- Government policy --- Financial Crises --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Business cycles --- Currency crises --- Investments: Energy --- Energy: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Imports --- Oil --- Interest payments --- Current account balance --- Commodities --- External debt --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Debt service --- Social Services and Welfare --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Real Estate --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Commodity Markets --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Social welfare & social services --- Poverty & precarity --- Property & real estate --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Poverty reduction --- Poverty reduction and development --- Poverty --- Commodity prices --- Income --- National accounts --- Housing --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Debt burden --- Trade balance --- Debt reduction --- Asset and liability management --- Debts, External --- Balance of trade --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Capital inflows --- Potential output --- Capital flows --- Foreign direct investment --- Capital movements --- Investments, Foreign --- Comoros, Union of the