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Publication metadata This report sets out to assess the initial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employment in Europe (up to Q2 2020), including its effects across sectors and on different categories of workers. It also looks at measures implemented by policymakers in a bid to limit the negative effects of the crisis. It first provides an overview of policy approaches adopted to mitigate the impact of the crisis on businesses, workers and citizens. The main focus is on the development, content and impact of short-time working schemes, income support measures for self-employed people, hardship funds and rent and mortgage deferrals. Finally, it explores the involvement of social partners in the development and implementation of such measures and the role of European funding in supporting these schemes. Eurofound established the COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch database in March 2020 to provide policymakers with information on measures taken to mitigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis on the labour market and wider society. At the same time, an e-survey, 'Living, working and COVID-19', was conducted and activities to monitor labour market trends and restructuring were continued in an effort to capture the fallout from the pandemic.

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Structural change is a general characteristic of economic development, driven by shifts in relative productivity and demand, technological or socio- economic changes. To adapt to a changing economic environment, companies undergo restructuring to maintain or improve their competitiveness and, hence, sustainability. While restructuring is essential to the dynamism of the European economy, it can entail difficulties for employees. The ERM annual report 2011 looks at the whole range of instruments available in the EU to mitigate the negative effects that it may have for both companies and employees and introduces around 400 of them in an online database. The ERM annual report also presents an overview and analysis of restructuring activities in Europe as captured by the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM)

Public administration --- European Union --- 467.2 Economisch herstructureringsbeleid