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Indian financial sector
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ISSN: 10185941 ISBN: 1475570228 1475570163 9781475570168 9781475570229 1475570201 Year: 2017 Publisher: [Washington, District of Columbia]

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Abstract

This paper traces the story of Indian financial sector over the period 1950–2015. In identifying the trends and turns of Indian financial sector, the paper adopts a three period classification viz., (a) the 1950s and 1960s, which exhibited some elements of instability associated with laissez faire but underdeveloped banking; (b) the 1970s and 1980s that experienced the process of financial development across the country under government auspices, accompanied by a degree of financial repression; and (c) the period since the 1990s till date, that has been characterized by gradual and calibrated financial deepening and liberalization. Focusing more the third period, the paper argues that as a consequence of successive reforms over the past 25 years, there has been significant progress in making interest and exchange rates largely market determined, though the exchange rate regime remains one of managed float, and some interest rates remain administered. Considerable competition has been introduced in the banking sector through new private sector banks, but public sector banks continue have a dominant share in the market. Contractual savings systems have been improved, but pension funds in India are still in their infancy. Similarly, despite the introduction of new private sector insurance companies coverage of insurance can expand much further, which would also provide greater depth to the financial markets. The extent of development along all the segments of the financial market has not been uniform. While the equity market is quite developed, activities in the private debt market are predominantly confined to private placement form and continue to be limited to the bluechip companies. Going forward, the future areas for development in the Indian financial sector would include further reduction of public ownership in banks and insurance companies, expansion of the contractual savings system through more rapid expansion of the insurance and pension systems, greater spread of mutual funds, and development of institutional investors. It is only then that both the equity and debt markets will display greater breadth as well as depth, along with greater domestic liquidity. At the same time, while reforming the financial sector, the Indian authorities had to constantly keep the issues of equity and efficiency in mind.

World economic outlook
Author:
ISSN: 02566877 ISBN: 9781616355555 9781616353896 9781616352462 9781616351199 1557759758 1557759367 1557758395 1557758093 1557757402 1557756104 1557756481 1557757143 1557755671 1557754675 1557754683 1557753814 1557753857 1557752788 1557752869 1557753407 1557752680 155775313X 1557751862 1557752109 1557751382 1557751501 1557751129 1557751315 1557750114 1557750335 093993485X 0939934663 0939934787 0939934450 093993454X 9781484308349 9781498331555 1462331971 145525164X 1462319866 1455290998 1462317847 1455212296 1462374344 1455211281 1462365264 145529604X 146236022X 1455210277 147551395X 1299395473 1475535430 1462313809 1455276863 1462307752 1455286958 1462367283 1455292001 1463951973 1463927703 1462385443 1455239534 1462330959 1455236519 9781557752109 Year: 1980 Publisher: Washington (D.C.): International monetary fund,

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Abstract

Comoros is a small, fragile island state (population: 850,000) with persistently low and shock-prone growth. The last Article IV Consultation (completed in early 2020) assessed Comoros’ fragility as arising from two vicious circles: economic fragility manifests in low fiscal revenue, insufficient government investment in human and physical capital, and pronounced vulnerability to shocks; while institutional fragility manifests in governance challenges, low government implementation capacity, and a weak judicial system. The circles feed into each other, undermining economic performance and stability. Overcoming fragility requires breaking both circles.

Keywords

Deposit insurance --- Banks and banking --- Financial institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Finance --- Money --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Insurance --- Bank deposit insurance --- Insurance, Deposit --- Savings insurance --- Evaluation --- State supervision --- Government guaranty of deposits --- International Monetary Fund --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Business, Economy and Management. --- Economics --- General and Others. --- 330.342.36 --- 341.125 --- #ETEW:TSCAT --- #BS497 --- #ABIB:aleo --- #TS:ABIB --- (06) --- $?$97/04 --- 813 Methodologie --- 822.4 Internationale financiële instellingen --- 825 Ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- 830 Economie --- 837 Financiën en Bankwezen --- economie --- international --- AA / International- internationaal --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 331.31 --- 331.30 --- 338.340 --- 339.115 --- 331.061 --- 304.5 --- 334.151.20 --- 333.481 --- 341.125 Gespecialiseerde organisaties van de v.n. --- 341.125 UNICED. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development --- 341.125 WORLD BANK. Wereldbank --- Gespecialiseerde organisaties van de v.n. --- UNICED. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development --- WORLD BANK. Wereldbank --- 330.342.36 Wereldeconomie --- Wereldeconomie --- internationaal --- Economisch beleid --- Economische toestand --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Economische vooruitzichten --- Techniek van de statistische-econometrische voorspellingen. Prognose in de econometrie --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- International finance --- International economic relations --- Business, Economy and Management --- Social Sciences --- General and Others --- Developmental Issues & Socioeconomic Studies --- Economic history --- Histoire économique --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Evaluation. --- Economic forecasting --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economic development --- Economic development. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Trade: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- International economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Exports --- Yield curve --- Long term interest rates --- Short term interest rates --- Prices --- International trade --- Financial services --- Government debt management --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Interest rates --- Balance of payments --- Economic theory --- Debts, Public --- United States --- Foreign Exchange --- Fiscal Policy --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary economics --- Exchange rates --- Currencies --- Fiscal consolidation --- Fiscal policy --- Finance: General --- Production and Operations Management --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- HIV/AIDS --- Privatization --- Investment & securities --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Oil prices --- Structural reforms --- Productivity --- Asset prices --- Financial markets --- Macrostructural analysis --- Production --- Financial services industry --- Industrial productivity --- Financial Risk Management --- Industries: Financial Services --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Insurance companies --- Bank deposits --- Bank resolution framework --- Financial crises --- Financial safety nets --- Crisis management --- Malaysia --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Labor markets --- Unemployment rate --- Labor market --- Labor economics --- Budgeting --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public debt --- Budget planning and preparation --- Budget --- Russian Federation --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Civil service & public sector --- Pensions --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Revenue --- Finance, Public --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Trade barriers --- Price stabilization --- Commercial policy --- Government policy --- Financial Crises --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Business cycles --- Currency crises --- Investments: Energy --- Energy: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Imports --- Oil --- Interest payments --- Current account balance --- Commodities --- External debt --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Debt service --- Social Services and Welfare --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Real Estate --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Commodity Markets --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Social welfare & social services --- Poverty & precarity --- Property & real estate --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Poverty reduction --- Poverty reduction and development --- Poverty --- Commodity prices --- Income --- National accounts --- Housing --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Debt burden --- Trade balance --- Debt reduction --- Asset and liability management --- Debts, External --- Balance of trade --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Capital inflows --- Potential output --- Capital flows --- Foreign direct investment --- Capital movements --- Investments, Foreign --- Comoros, Union of the --- International Economics --- Diseases: Contagious --- Monetary Policy --- International Agreements and Observance --- International Organizations --- Health Behavior --- International institutions --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Monetary policy --- International organization --- Revenue administration --- COVID-19 --- Health --- International agencies --- Communicable diseases

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