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This project-thesis provides some recommendations to Martine Constant Consulting Group enterprise in order to position itself as an intermediary between the non-governmental organizations and the businesses.
By analyzing and studying the different characteristics of the Belgian nonprofit market, it can be easily noticed that the fundraising is becoming more and more difficult. The subsidies are dropping constantly and the NGOs try to find additional resources. If some charities are already follower of the existing marketing techniques such as the street fundraising or the telemarketing, these methods are essentially targeting the mass market.
Requesting the businesses is quite a challenge and only a few charities are willing to put the efforts and the motivation to open these more difficult doors.
A qualitative study realized through this project allowed to gather the thoughts and opinions of several Belgian small and middle NGOs. The results of this study show that the smaller charities are completely scared by the requested investment and do not seem to know about the possibilities of collaboration with external agencies. A lot of them simply do not know where to start and are rapidly discouraged by the complexity of the challenge, especially because of a lack of resources and above all a lack of knowledge.
The final recommendations are then focused on two principal axes. On the one hand, the way the offer needs to be adapted to match the needs of the charities. On the other hand, the way the company Martine Constant Consulting Group needs to increase its visibility and communicate about the services it can provide to help the nonprofit organizations. In doing so, the company can count on its experience in the direct marketing area and especially on the whole network of experts built over the years.

nonprofit market --- positioning --- direct marketing --- qualitative study --- fundraising --- Martine Constant Consulting Group --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Marketing

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Being the product of innovation in the real estate and financial market, OPCIs were created to give access to the real estate market, while guaranteeing a certain portfolio diversification and liquidity, allowing flexibility for investors as well as an increase in the expected return.
OPCIs were born in 2005 in France, this regulated but unlisted funds are inspired by the UCITS model. It is a vehicle intended for all kinds of investors, professional or not, since their management is entrusted to professionals. Given their originality, the regulators have strongly regulated this market, which is an asset for these funds since it inspires confidence and trust among investors. After the evolution and the success that the OPCIs recognized in France, the kingdom of Morocco adopted these vehicles in 2016, but it was not until 2019 that the first OPCI made its appearance.
This paper shows the mechanism of OPCIs as well as their specificity. It also includes a literature review about how real estate are managed in the world and in Morocco as well as the quality of audit in order to define the risks and challenges of the audit perceived by the various authors over time.
In order to answer our research question: Risks and Challenges in the Audit of OPCI in Morocco, a qualitative study took place with professionals in the field, allowing us to understand the Moroccan real estate market and confront theory with practice. Then, a comparison between the risks perceived by professionals and investors was made to conclude that audit of OPCIs in Morocco is challenged from various aspects: regulatory, technical, moral, managerial and control.

Real Estate --- Audit Risk --- Funds --- OPCIs --- Audit Quality --- Investors --- Morocco --- Audit Challenges --- Qualitative Study --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Comptabilité & audit

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These days we are living in a world where globalization is taking over and we are constantly faced with more information than ever before. As a result of various crises, food scandals and ecological disasters, consumers want to regain control of their food. Whether men or women, young or old, the approach is the same and is more and more present: the desire to consume differently. That is to say: to consume in a more responsible way, more respectful of the environment and in a way that is better for health. Consumers want to be attentive to the origin and composition of the food they buy and consume every day.

For several years now, new commercial practices have been appearing in an effort to stand out from mass distribution. These businesses are called "alternative businesses" and each has its own specificity.

Although the motivations for frequenting an alternative shop are present, there are factors that that can demotivate individuals to go to this type of trade and favor the purchase of agri-food products.

First, this paper defines the concepts of “organic”, “local” and “alternative businesses”. It also explains the factors taken into account when consumers make their choice. This work focuses on the notion of price, the perception of price in general and the perception of organic and local products.

In a second step, interviews were conducted to find out the opinion of a sample of industrial consumers on organic and local products. Are they more expensive, how do they perceive prices, are they decisive in their choice? What are the other factors that contribute to the choice of a food, organic or local product? Nous vivons aujourd’hui dans un monde où la globalisation prend le dessus et où nous sommes sans cesse face à des informations plus nombreuses les unes que les autres. Suite aux différentes crises, scandales alimentaires et catastrophes écologiques, les consommateurs désirent reprendre le contrôle de leur alimentation. Qu’il s’agisse d’hommes, de femmes, de jeunes ou de moins jeunes, la démarche est la même et est de plus en plus présente : l’envie de consommer autrement. C’est-à-dire : consommer de manière plus responsable, plus respectueuse de l’environnement et de manière à ce que ce soit meilleur pour la santé. Les consommateurs désirent être attentifs à la provenance et à la composition des denrées qu’ils achètent et qu’ils consomment quotidiennement.

Depuis plusieurs années, de nouvelles pratiques commerciales apparaissent dans le but de se démarquer de la grande distribution. Ces commerces sont appelés « commerces alternatifs » et ont chacun leur spécificité.

Bien que les motivations à fréquenter un commerce alternatif soient présentes, il existe toutefois des facteurs qui vont démotiver les individus à se rendre dans ce type de commerce et privilégier l’achat de produits issus de l’agro-alimentaire.

Dans un premier temps, ce mémoire définit les concepts « bio », « local » et « commerces alternatifs ». Il explique également les facteurs entrant en compte lors du choix des consommateurs. Ce travail réalise un focus sur la notion de prix, la perception du prix en général ainsi que la perception des produits bio et locaux.

Dans un second temps, des interviews ont été menées pour connaître l’avis d’un échantillon de consommateurs de produits industriels sur les produits bio et locaux. Sont-ils plus chers, comment perçoivent-ils les prix, sont-ils déterminants dans leur choix ? Quels sont les autres facteurs qui participent au choix d’un produit issu de l’agro-alimentaire, du bio ou du local ?

Alternative businesses --- Alternative food --- Brakes --- Local --- Motivations --- Organic --- Prices --- Price perception --- Qualitative study --- Shorts circuits --- Alimentation alternative --- Bio --- Circuits courts --- Commerces alternatifs --- Etude qualitative --- Freins --- Local --- Motivations --- Perception du prix --- Prix --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Marketing --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences des denrées alimentaires --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie sociale --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie