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Urbanization --- -Metropolitan areas --- -#A9404SO

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Landscape --- Landscape --- urban areas --- urban areas --- Urbanization --- Urbanization --- Landscaping --- Landscaping

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Hellenism --- Urbanization --- Shrines --- Hellénisme --- Urbanisation --- Sanctuaires

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"Urban spaces are complex systems resulting from the superposition and interaction of human, physical and virtual networks. Measuring the morphological city (the physical urban form) is then one of the necessary steps to the understanding of these systems. This thesis contributes to the measurement of the urban form: it analyses critically commonly used measurements and suggests new methods and indices. “Measuring” an urban form includes delimitation and characterisation aspects. Starting with characterisation, one chapter sets up a measurement protocol to compute two fractal dimensions (box-counting and correlation) that help to understand how the buildings fill a city. In addition to fractal dimensions, another chapter is dedicated to a novel density index that takes into account the distance between buildings. Regarding delineation, three methods are applied and compared in order to morphologically delineate an urban agglomeration (with the example of Brussels). It appears that each method leads to a different delimitation, each of which corresponding to specific realities. Another chapter shows the addition of the third dimension (height of the buildings) in the delineation of cities with the example of Valencia (Spain). Delimitation and characterisation are actually two inseparable aspects. One depends on the other and vice versa. To understand the urban form of a city, researchers and planners need to study both the form of the limits and the form of the built-up fabrics (spatial organisation of the buildings). Distinct indices allowing the study of these forms are studied and used in a chapter to characterise eighty-two French urban agglomeration. Finally, one chapter reviews the main results and limitations of the thesis. It is also the opportunity to put forward ideas for future research."

Urbanization. --- City planning. --- Urbanisation. --- Tissu urbain.

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urban planning --- urban planning --- Urbanization --- Urbanization --- Buildings --- Buildings --- fallow --- fallow --- Field size --- Field size