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Phenomenology.

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Phenomenology --- Husserl, Edmund

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Thinking about finitude seems to run counter to contemporary conceptions of the living in the service of a future that privileges the unlimited. We note that the de-socialization of dying has led to its biologization, and to the unrepresentability of finitude itself. We assume that this is not only an attack on our humanity, but also its transgression. In order to restore these boundaries between life and death, finitude cannot be confined to a mere intellectual conception; it must be considered as an embodied relational experience. Our research will take place in the clinical context of palliative care. The thought of Emmanuel Levinas invites us to reconsider finitude as an awareness of being one with time, with the body and with others. Our research explores how to relate to finitude, that is, to instill an inclination that is as much a method as a position in the relationship and time that constitute it. We need to extract finitude from its representation, then corporatize it - as phenomenology allows us to do - in order to re-actualize its significance. Levinasian philosophy will enable us to formulate the hypothesis that caressing re-establishes a relationship with finitude. We assume that this relational hyperbole would be both a relational ethical posture and a modus operandi capable of fitting into a philosophy of care. Phenomenological, the caress would embody both gesture and relational hyperbole, and would prove adequate for thinking about finitude, for both caregivers and patients in the palliative context.Penser la finitude semble à contre-pied des conceptions contemporaines du vivant au service d’un avenir privilégiant l’illimité. Nous dressons le constat que la désocialisation du mourir a entraîné sa biologisation et à l’irreprésentabilité de la finitude même. Nous supposons qu’elle est, en sus d’une atteinte à notre humanité, sa transgression. Afin de restaurer ces frontières du vivant et de la mort, la finitude ne peut se cantonner à une simple conception intellectuelle, elle doit être considérée comme une expérience relationnelle incarnée. Notre recherche s’inscrira dans le contexte clinique des soins palliatifs. La pensée d’Emmanuel Levinas nous invite à reconsidérer la finitude comme conscience d’un avec le temps, avec le corps et avec autrui. Notre recherche s’interroge sur comment être en relation avec la finitude, c’est-à-dire d’insuffler une inclinaison qui serait tout autant une méthode, qu’une position à la relation et au temps qui la constituent. Il s’agira d’extraire la finitude de sa représentation, puis de la corporéiser – ce que permet la phénoménologie – afin d’en réactualiser la signifiance. La philosophie lévinassienne nous permettra de formuler l’hypothèse que la caresse rétablirait une relation avec la finitude. Nous supposons que cette hyperbole relationnelle serait à la fois une posture éthique relationnelle et un modus operandi à même de s’inscrire dans une philosophie du soin. Phénoménologique, la caresse incarnerait de son geste et de l’hyperbole relationnelle et s’avèrerait adéquate pour penser la finitude, tant pour les soignants que pour les patients en contexte palliatif.

Phenomenology --- Death --- Palliative treatment --- Lévinas, Emmanuel

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For Jean Ladrière, a questioning of existential kind is a questioning on reason. Reason, revealing itself as it gets built up, is understood through the historical objectivities it implies. Yet, the study of the texts has shown that this movement of reason on itself rises a certain amount of aporias which only find their solution in more fundamental hermeneutics, that of existence. Though Ladrière does not specifically state the problems that arise with the conditions of hermeneutics from an ontological perspective, he still does understand them. If one can find in the distinction between constitué and événementiel the distinction between existentiell and existential, one still detects in Ladrière a kind of persistant subjectivism of which the origin may be questioned. There is in him a will to consider a subject that is admittedly not in charge of giving form to representations but that does not either firstly exist in the trial of its facticity. In this thesis work we attempted to answer the question of whether we should discuss a phenomenology or an hermeneutic ontology when dealing with Jean Ladrière.

Hermeneutics --- Ontology --- Phenomenology --- Subjectivity --- Ladrière, Jean, - 1921-2007

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Phenomenology. --- Phénoménologie --- Heidegger, Martin, --- Husserl, Edmund, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Influence. --- Phénoménologie