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The goal of this monograph is a comprehensive analysis of understatements and other forms of non-direct speech (hedges) in modern English. It is based on a multi-level approach, including philosophical, cultural, and socio-psychological arguments. The main part consists of an investigation of the linguistic restrictions for understatements and hedges to be formed by means of the following grammatical categories: negation of predicates, gradation of predicates, modalization of affirmative sentences by means of parenthetical verbs, modal adverbs, modal verbs, and questions.

Figures of speech --- Understatement --- English language --- National characteristics, English --- Spoken English --- Syntax --- Figures of speech. --- National characteristics, English. --- Understatement. --- Spoken English. --- Syntax. --- Pragmatics --- 820.075 --- -English language --- -Figures of speech --- Litotes --- Irony --- English national characteristics --- Imagery --- Speech, Figures of --- Tropes --- Rhetoric --- Symbolism --- Germanic languages --- 820.075 Engelse literatuur--?.075 --- Engelse literatuur--?.075 --- Colloquial English --- Anglais (Langue). Figures. --- Engels. Figuren. --- English language - Spoken English --- English language - Syntax --- Anglais (langue) --- Euphemismes