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Development aid. Development cooperation --- European Union

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Development aid. Development cooperation --- Third World: economic development problems --- Kenya --- Theses --- Developing countries: economic development problems

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Theses --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Human rights --- European Union --- ACP countries

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The aim of this Master thesis is to describe the ecosystem of Impact Investing ‘for development’ and to analyse the best practices of impact investing intermediaries to contribute to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda. According to the “The Impact Imperative for Sustainable Development” framework published in 2019 by the OECD, intermediaries need to attract investors and invest efficiently (‘financing imperative’), foster innovation (‘innovation imperative’) and measure impact on development (‘data imperative’). A qualitative research was conducted via semi-structured interviews with ten intermediaries located in Belgium and Luxembourg. The main finding is that the ecosystem is composed of four different models of intermediaries and that certain investment practices have merely been rebranded under the term Impact Investing. Regarding the financing of the SDGs, the intermediaries are attracting public and private investors, but overall the market remains small and the capability to attract ‘new’ capital continues to be debatable. In terms of the ‘innovation imperative’, the intermediaries are looking for innovation, but there are no specific methods or criteria except benchmarking. As to the ‘data imperative’, it was found that the intermediaries are gradually aligning their strategy to the SDGs. Since the goals are well-known, generally accepted and easy to understand, they are mainly used for external and investor communication. Eventually, the effort in recent years to navigate towards a more global approach for development materialised by the SDGs has led to a greater diversity of the ecosystem and its investment practices. Without a clear set of best practices, there is a potential risk of the complete appropriation of this term by commercial investors as a marketing tool. Future research should, inter alia, include a multi-stakeholder approach and consider field observations of the best practices.

Impact investing --- Impact investing for development --- Social finance --- Sustainable Development Goals --- SDG investing --- Development finance --- Financing for development --- Development cooperation --- OECD --- Impact investing intermediaries --- Belgium --- Luxembourg --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie sociale

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Access to energy is a keystone for economic, political and social development. Despite its numerous resources, Africa lives a dramatic situation. In this African context, the Democratic Republic of Congo stands out in view of the seriousness of its circumstances: it is the least electrified country in the whole world! A paradox regarding the number of development opportunities Africa has. The project presented in this paper explores one of these opportunities and its application to a practical case, the community of Sindi, Boma’s suburb, in the Democratic Republic of Congo. No electrical grid exists in Sindi and most of the population uses oil lamps to light up at night. These are a curse, they are extremely expensive, inefficient and polluting. 
The project study presented in this thesis and the underlying economic model aim at supporting Sindi’s educational system by allowing school children to do their homework in decent health and working conditions. Targeting the school children and their families, the main objective of the project is to provide an alternative solution to oil lamps while allowing families to make savings. It seeks to empower the community and to respect the philosophy conveyed by the maxim: “Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime” (Chinese proverb).
To reach this objective, to maximize the chances of success and to insure the sustainability of the project, the study presents a cooperative governance model that is greatly inspired from the work of the 2009 Nobel prize in Economics, Elinor Ostrom, about the governance of the common goods. This study also tackles other aspects of the project like its management, the lamps and their suppliers, its financial aspects as well as a technical study. Each brings elements that will allow “Ingénieurs sans Frontières” to make informed choices and to complete the project successfully. 
The economic model consists in gathering an off-grid community around a shared objective, creating an association around this goal to manage the solar lamps and providing it with a resilient and lasting governance system. Through an external financial assistance, the association purchases solar lamps and resells them to the customers. The price of the lamps is made affordable thanks to multiple payments spread over a defined period. The association makes a profit which allows it to undertake other development projects for the community.

Governance --- common goods --- economic model --- solar lamps --- Democratic Republic of Congo --- cooperative model --- cooperative --- development cooperation --- education --- Africa --- biens communs --- modèle économique --- lampes solaires --- République Démocratique du Congo --- modèle coopératif --- éducation --- Afrique --- gouvernance --- coopération au développement --- coopérative --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie sociale --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Energie