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Dissertation
Comment évolue la productivité des PME manufacturières belges après l'implémentation d'une technologie de l'industrie 4.0 et quels sont les facteurs clés de succès qui favorisent une augmentation de cette productivité?
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

Nous vivons dans un monde en perpétuelle évolution, les technologies sont de plus en plus présentes dans notre quotidien et dans les entreprises. Depuis 2011, les notions de quatrième révolution industrielle ou d’industrie 4.0 sont de plus en plus présentes. Les grandes sociétés sont généralement à jour technologiquement. Néanmoins, ce n’est pas toujours le cas pour les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME). Cependant, il existe un paradoxe (Solow paradox) très souvent débattu par les auteurs dans la littérature économique. Certaines études ont en effet démontré un paradoxe de productivité entre l’implémentation d’une nouvelle innovation dans une firme et l’augmentation de la productivité. La productivité peut être mesurée à l’aide de données financières et non-financières. Pour cette étude, nous nous concentrons sur des aspects non-financiers.
Notre premier objectif est donc d’évaluer la présence ou l’absence du paradoxe de productivité et le niveau de l’amélioration de productivité d’une PME manufacturière belge à la suite de l’implémentation d’une technologie de l’industrie 4.0. Notre second objectif est de déceler les facteurs clés de succès de cette amélioration de productivité. 
Pour répondre à ces objectifs, nous avons effectué une étude qualitative de 15 interviews réalisées auprès de managers de PME manufacturières belges. Nous nous sommes aidés de la méthode de Yin (2016) pour la méthodologie de collecte, d’analyse et d’interprétation des données récoltées.
Nous observons une absence du paradoxe de productivité et une amélioration de la productivité au niveau des facteurs de la productivité du travail, de la communication et du service client. Les principaux facteurs clés de succès pour les PME sont les connaissances et l’audace des chefs d’entreprise pour se lancer dans un projet de transformation vers les technologies 4.0, les compétences des travailleurs et la collaboration avec les acteurs internes et externes à la firme. We live in an ever-changing world, with technologies becoming more and more present in our daily lives and in companies. Since 2011, we have been talking about the fourth industrial revolution or Industry 4.0. If large companies are generally technologically up to date, this is not always the case for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, there is a paradox (Solow paradox) that is often discussed by authors in the literature on the subject. Some studies have demonstrated a productivity paradox between the implementation of a new innovation in a firm and the increase in productivity. Productivity can be measured using financial and non-financial data. In this study, we will focus on non-financial aspects.
My first objective is therefore to assess the presence or absence of the productivity paradox and the level of productivity improvement of a Belgian manufacturing SME following the implementation of an Industry 4.0 technology. My second objective is to identify the key success factors of this productivity improvement. 
To meet these objectives, we conducted a qualitative study of 15 interviews with managers of Belgian manufacturing SMEs. We used the method of Yin (2016) for the methodology of collection, analysis and interpretation of the collected data.
We observe an absence of the productivity paradox and a positive productivity improvement regarding the factors of work productivity, communication and customer service. The main key success factors for SMEs are the knowledge and boldness of managers to embark on a project of transformation towards 4.0 technologies, the skills of the workers and the collaboration with actors internal and external to the firm.


Dissertation
Critical competencies and skills as a driver for enterprise resource planning implementation projects' success
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Through the substantial expansion of digitalization in the economy in recent years, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have lately drawn significant attention and become more and more popular among various types of organizations. However, practical evidence has shown that many ERP implementation projects still do not achieve their planned objectives and end up failing. In that context, KPMG Luxembourg noticed a real market opportunity locally which has led the firm to focus on the development of its ERP consultancy services. 
By highlighting the required competencies and skills of external consultants to favor success in such implementation projects, this report aims at providing valuable information and human resources-based tools for the progression of KPMG’s business activities in this realm. First, an extensive literature review focused on the roots and consequences of ERP implementation failures put forward numerous critical failure factors. These factors were classified into eight categories: “organizational”; “project management”; “human resources”; “managerial”; “vendor and consultant”; “processes”; “technical” and “culture and environment”. From then on, three of the most significant factors linked to external consultants were selected for in-depth analysis. To be the basis for relevant best practices and actions for KPMG Luxembourg, these three factors were studied from the perspective of key/critical success factors, i.e. “formal project management”, “effective education and training” and “successful ERP (software package) selection”. The results underlined suitable methodologies, models and advice. Following this theoretical research, a connection with the concept of “skills management” was made and the detailed methodology pursued during the internship was presented. This methodology resulted in the production of three HR tools (i.e. a competency framework; a skills matrix and a responsibility assignment matrix) for the SAP Advisory practice at KPMG Luxembourg. Recommendations were also formulated in the form of an action plan regarding the proper implementation of these frameworks.

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