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Between the Civil War and the First World War, realism was the most prominent form of American fiction. Realist writers of the period include some of America's greatest, such as Henry James, Edith Wharton and Mark Twain, but also many lesser-known writers whose work still speaks to us today, for instance Charles Chesnutt, Zitkala-Ša and Sarah Orne Jewett. Emphasizing realism's historical context, this introduction traces the genre's relationship with powerful, often violent, social conflicts involving race, gender, class and national origin. It also examines how the realist style was created; the necessarily ambiguous relationship between realism produced on the page and reality outside the book; and the different, often contradictory, forms 'realism' took in literary works by different authors. The most accessible yet sophisticated account of American literary realism currently available, this volume will be of great value to students, teachers and readers of the American novel.

Fiction --- Thematology --- American literature --- anno 1800-1999 --- American national characteristics in literature --- Amerikaans volkskarakter in de literatuur --- Caractéristiques nationales américaines dans la littérature --- Littérature réaliste --- National characteristics [American ] in literature --- Neorealism (Literature) --- Neorealisme (Literatuur) --- Néoréalisme (Littérature) --- Realism (Literary movement) --- Realism in literature --- Realisme (Letterkundige beweging) --- Realisme (Literaire beweging) --- Realisme in de literatuur --- Realistische literatuur --- Réalisme (Mouvement littéraire) --- Réalisme dans la littérature --- Volkskarakter [Amerikaans ] in de literatuur --- American fiction --- Literature and society --- Realism in literature. --- Popular literature --- National characteristics, American, in literature. --- History and criticism. --- History --- National characteristics, American, in literature --- Magic realism (Literature) --- Mimesis in literature --- History and criticism --- 19th century --- 20th century --- United States --- Arts and Humanities --- Literature --- Littérature et société --- Réalité --- États-Unis --- 20e siècle --- Dans la littérature --- Littérature et société --- Réalité --- États-Unis --- Dans la littérature --- 20e siècle

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In the course of the Cold War, architects, planners, and construction companies from socialist Eastern Europe engaged in a vibrant collaboration with those in West Africa and the Middle East in order to bring modernization to the developing world. Architecture in Global Socialism shows how their collaboration reshaped five cities in the Global South: Accra, Lagos, Baghdad, Abu Dhabi, and Kuwait City. Lukasz Stanek describes how local authorities and professionals in these cities drew on Soviet prefabrication systems, Hungarian and Polish planning methods, Yugoslav and Bulgarian construction materials, Romanian and East German standard designs, and manual laborers from across Eastern Europe. He explores how the socialist development path was adapted to tropical conditions in Ghana in the 1960s, and how East European architectural traditions were given new life in 1970s Nigeria. He looks at how the differences between socialist foreign trade and the emerging global construction market were exploited in the Middle East in the closing decades of the Cold War. Stanek demonstrates how these and other practices of global cooperation by socialist countries-what he calls socialist worldmaking-left their enduring mark on urban landscapes in the postcolonial world. Featuring an extensive collection of previously unpublished images, Architecture in Global Socialism draws on original archival research in sixteen countries and a wealth of in-depth interviews. This incisive book presents a new understanding of global urbanization and its architecture through the lens of socialist internationalism, challenging long-held notions about modernization and development in the global South.

Architecture --- Architecture, Modern --- Architecture and society --- Socialist realism and architecture --- Communism and architecture --- Réalisme socialiste et architecture --- Communisme et architecture --- Environmental planning --- architecture [discipline] --- urban renewal --- influence --- anno 1900-1999 --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Abu Dhabi [City] --- Kuwait --- Baghdad --- Accra --- Lagos --- Socialisme --- Socialist realism and architecture. --- Europe