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In the medieval world, what happened when a figure of recognised authority was absent? What terminology, principles and solutions of proxy authority were developed and adopted? Did these solutions differ and change over time depending on whether the absence was short or long and caused by issues of incapacity, minority, disputed succession, geography or elective absenteeism? Did the models of proxy authority adopted by ruling dynasties and large institutions influence the proxy choices of lesser authority? The circumstances and consequences of absentee authority, a major aspect of the systems of medieval power, are the focus of this volume. Ranging across the realms of medieval Europe (but with a focus upon the British Isles and France), its essays embrace a wide variety of experience - royal, parliamentary, conciliar, magnatial, military, ecclesiastical (papal to parochial), burghal, household, minor or major, male or female, exiled, captive or infirm - and explore not merely political developments, but the dynastic, diplomatic, financial, ideological, religious and cultural ramifications of such episodes. Frédérique Lachaud is Professor of medieval history at the Université de Lorraine, France; Michael Penman is Senior Lecturer in history at the University of Stirling, Scotland. Contributors: James Bothwell Michelle Bubenicek, Léonard Dauphant , Bruno Dumézil, Laurent Hablot, Torsten Hiltmann, Tom Horler-Underwood, Robert Houghton, Olivier de Laborderie, Frédérique Lachaud, Hans Jacob Orning, Michael Penman. Norman Reid

History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- Politics and government. --- 476-1492. --- Europe --- Europe. --- Politics and government --- --Politique et gouvernement --- --Moyen âge, --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Civilisation médiévale. --- Middle Ages. --- Moyen âge --- Leadership --- History --- Politique et gouvernement --- Moyen âge, 476-1492 --- Europe - Politics and government - 476-1492 --- Europe-Politics and government-476-1492. --- HISTORY / Medieval. --- Civilisation médiévale. --- Moyen âge

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Inspired by the social theories of Max Weber, David d'Avray asks in what senses medieval religion was rational and, in doing so, proposes a new approach to the study of the medieval past. Applying ideas developed in his companion volume on Rationalities in History, he explores how values, instrumental calculation, legal formality and substantive rationality interact and the ways in which medieval beliefs were strengthened by their mutual connections, by experience, and by mental images. He sheds new light on key themes and figures in medieval religion ranging from conversion, miracles and the ideas of Bernard of Clairvaux to Trinitarianism, papal government and Francis of Assisi's charismatic authority. This book shows how values and instrumental calculation affect each other in practice and demonstrates the ways in which the application of social theory can be used to generate fresh empirical research as well as new interpretative insights.

Christian church history --- anno 500-1499 --- Church history --- Rationalism --- Values. --- Sociology. --- Eglise --- Rationalisme --- Valeurs (Philosophie) --- Sociologie --- Histoire --- Weber, Max, --- Religion --- --Rationalité --- --Moyen âge, --- Values --- Sociology --- Philosophy --- Axiology --- Worth --- Aesthetics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Metaphysics --- Psychology --- Ethics --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Belief and doubt --- Deism --- Free thought --- Realism --- Christianity --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- ウェーバー, マックス --- Philosophy. --- Weber, Max --- Ma-kʻo-ssu Wei-po, --- Makesi Weibo, --- Pebŏ, --- Pebŏ, Maksŭ, --- Vēbā, Makkusu, --- Veber, Maks, --- Vemper, Max, --- Webŏ, Maksŭ, --- Wei-po, Ma-kʻo-ssu, --- Weibo, --- Weibo, Makesi, --- ובר, מאקס, --- ובר, מאכס --- ובר, מקס --- 韦伯, --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Rationalité --- Moyen âge, 476-1492 --- Church history - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Rationalism - Philosophy --- Weber, Max, - 1864-1920

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For fifty years debate has raged about early European commerce during the period between antiquity and the middle ages. Was there trade? If so, in what - and with whom? New evidence and new ways of looking at old evidence are now breaking the stalemate. Analysis of communications - the movements of people, ideas and things - is transforming our vision of Europe and the Mediterranean in the age of Charlemagne and Harun al Rashid. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the economic transition during this period for over sixty years. Using new materials and new methodology, it will attract all social and economic historians of antiquity and the middle ages, and anyone concerned with the origins of Europe, the history of the slave trade, medicine and disease, cross-cultural contacts, and the Muslim and Byzantine worlds.

History of Europe --- anno 500-799 --- anno 400-499 --- anno 300-399 --- anno 800-899 --- 331.100 --- 331.13 --- EUR / Europe - Europa --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Geschiedenis van de handel --- Europe --- Commerce --- History. --- Economic conditions --- Communication and culture --- History --- Histoire --- Conditions économiques --- To 1492 --- Economie --- Moyen Age --- Europe - Commerce - History --- Europe - Economic conditions - To 1492 --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- -History. --- -EUR / Europe - Europa --- -331.100 --- Communication and culture - Europe - History --- EUROPE --- COMMERCE --- CONDITIONS ECONOMIQUES --- HISTOIRE --- 04E-09E SIECLES --- MOYEN AGE --- -Europe

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Aristocracy (Social class) --- Soldiers --- Oorlogvoering. --- Sociale aspecten. --- Militaire aspecten --- Adel. --- Soldaten. --- Féodalité --- History --- Great Britain. --- Recruiting, enlistment, etc. --- Great Britain --- History, Military --- Feodalisme. --- Militaire aspecten. --- History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- Polemology --- anno 1200-1299 --- anno 1300-1399 --- Noblesse --- Soldats --- Bannockburn, Bataille de (1314) --- Grande-Bretagne --- Angleterre (GB) --- Moyen âge --- Histoire militaire --- 1066-1485

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"From the tenth to the twelfth centuries in England and Scotland we have scant evidence of women's writing. How, then, can we access these women's experiences? This book argues that by analysing texts deliberately written for and addressed directly to women we gain an insight into the horizons of possibility for their lives. It examines religious texts addressed to women, bringing together works that are more widely studied with others that are less well known, and demonstrates continuities across Old English and Latin texts written for female readers and patrons across the Conquest period. Case studies, ranging from Ælfric's sermons to Aelred's De institutione inclusarum, from the Life of Christina of Markyate to Goscelin's saints' lives for Wilton and Barking Abbeys, attend to the intimate scripts women were encouraged to inhabit through a close focus on the form of the textual address. By concentrating on address, the book illuminates how women were encouraged to live, and by following women's commissioning and copying of texts, it demonstrates which of these textual addresses women valued and attempted to follow."--Back cover

Women --- History --- Middle Ages. --- Social conditions --- Social conditions. --- Social life and customs --- Social life and customs. --- 500-1500. --- Great Britain. --- Femmes et christianisme -- Grande-Bretagne --- Femmes -- Grande-Bretagne --- Littérature chrétienne médiévale --- Littérature religieuse anglaise --- Femmes --- Moyen Age --- Christian church history --- anno 500-1499 --- Great Britain