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Blindness or serious vision impairment is one of the most feared disabilities known to humankind. A 2016 report compiled by the National Eye Institute (NEI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Prevent Blindness America states that although half of all blindness can be prevented, the number of people who suffer vision loss continues to increase. The technique of dynamic light scattering (DLS) was developed by physicists in the late 1960s to early 1970s. DLS is now emerging as a potential ophthalmic tool, making possible studies of virtually every tissue and fluid comprising the eye, thus pushing the envelope for broader applications in ophthalmology. This book presents a comprehensive review of the application of light scattering in clinical use. It is the first of its kind, offering insight to how DLS can be applied to the human eye as well as animals. Chapters discuss DLS in neurological diseases, including protocols, informed consent, and patents. Dynamic Light Scattering Spectroscopy of the Human Eye is a must-have resource for physicians, engineers, and physicists interested in the clinical application of DLS to diagnose and potentially treat medical conditions in a non-invasive, quantitative and novel way. .

Ophthalmology --- oftalmologie --- Eye --- Diseases --- Diagnosis. --- Oftalmopaties --- Dispersió de la llum --- Ús terapèutic

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This book compiles updated research about the implications of therapeutic proteins in various human diseases. The initial chapters of the book provide basic information on the therapeutic proteins and discuss techniques for their formulation, production, and analytic approaches for their characterization. The subsequent chapters shed light on therapies based on therapeutic proteins against metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Importantly, it presents the factors influencing the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins, including, genetic factors, disease type, and origin of therapeutic protein, dose frequency, administration route, and treatment duration. The book also reviews the strategies for reducing immunogenicity associated with therapeutic proteins, including PEGylation, site specific mutagenesis, exon shuffling, and humanizing of monoclonal antibodies. Further, it presents strategies for improving the typical drawback associated with protein therapeutics including instability and limited penetration through biological barriers. This book covers various computational methods that are commonly used for designing therapeutic proteins and in silico method for predicting and improving in vivo efficacy of the therapeutic molecules. Lastly, the book highlights the recent advances in developing nanosized delivery systems to improve safety and efficacy of protein therapeutics. This book caters to students and researchers of medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences and therapeutics. It is also useful to clinicians working with therapeutic proteins.

Chemistry --- History of human medicine --- Human biochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- proteïnen --- Protein drugs. --- Proteïnes --- Ús terapèutic

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This book provides an authoritative overview of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment menus for 16 pain categories with an evidence-based literature review on each pain disorder, illustrative figures showing anatomy and techniques Introductory chapters cover basic information about the mechanism, function and the analgesic effects of the BoNTs based on the data derived from animal studies. Clinical chapters define pain in conditions such as post-herpetic and post-traumatic neuralgias, plantar fasciitis, low back pain, post-surgical pain syndromes and migraine in detail, provide discussion of current modes of treatment and updated information on BoNT therapy. Each chapter also includes illustrative case histories. The new edition is updated with all the new findings since the explosion in research and literature since 2015. New chapters on the history and pain in dentistry round out the update. Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Pain Disorders provides an invaluable resource for clinicians and researchers involved in the treatment of pain disorders including neurologists, pain medicine specialists, anesthesiologists, internists, those conducting research in pharmacology and toxicology as well as students in these areas.

Toxicology --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Human medicine --- geneeskunde --- multimedia --- analgesie --- pijn --- Botulinum toxin --- Therapeutic use. --- Toxina botulínica --- Ús terapèutic

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This third, thoroughly updated edition of a well received book, presents the most complete collection of theories, paradigms and methods utilized by the landscape sciences. With the introduction of new ecosemiotic concepts and innovative managing procedures, it offers a broad list of ecological, ecosemiotical and cultural tools to investigate, interpret and manage the environmental complexity according to a species-specific individual-based approach. Readers will discover the importance of a landscape perspective to create strategic bridges between science and humanities favored by the holistic sight of sensorial (visual, acoustic, olfactory, tactile, and thermal) "scapes". Distributed in 10 chapters, the content covers many aspects of the landscape sciences ranging from the description of fundamental theories, principles and models originated by ecological approaches like source-sink models, island biogeography, hierarchical theory and scale. The ecosemiotical approaches like the eco-field model, the ecoscape paradigm, and the general theory of resources are widely described and discussed. A cultural approach to landscape is utilized to focus on the heritage values of territories and their environmental identity. This book, written in an accessible and didactic style, is particularly dedicated to undergraduate and graduate students but also scholars in ecology, agroforestry, urban planning, nature design, conservation and remediation. Land practitioners, farmers and policymakers can use this book as an authoritative guide to better understand the function and role of environmental systems according to a social-economic integrated perspective.

Nature protection --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Environmental planning --- Geography --- landschapsecologie --- ruimtelijke ordening --- ecologie --- milieubeleid --- geografie --- ecosystemen --- Landscape ecology. --- Ecologia del paisatge --- Ús del sòl

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The book examines the challenges and limits of contemporary ijtihad in the context of diverse needs of Muslim cultures and communities living in Muslim and non-Muslim nations and continents, including Europe and North America.

Ijtihād (Islamic law) --- Muslim diaspora --- Islam --- Islamic law --- Interpretation and construction --- Islamic law. --- Civil law (Islamic law) --- Law, Arab --- Law, Islamic --- Law in the Qurʼan --- Sharia (Islamic law) --- Shariʻah (Islamic law) --- Law, Oriental --- Law, Semitic --- Ijtihād (Islamic law) --- Muslim diaspora. --- Interpretation and construction. --- Diaspora, Muslim --- Islamic diaspora --- Human geography --- Muslims --- Uṣūl al-fiqh (Islamic law) --- Qiyās (Islamic law) --- Migrations --- Uṣūl al-Fiqh --- Islamic law - Interpretation and construction