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NOBLESSE --- EMPLOYES DE MAISON --- VIE QUOTIDIENNE --- FRANCE --- 15E SIECLE --- MOYEN AGE

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"As war and mass emigration across oceans increased the distances between ordinary people in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many of them, previously barely literate and unaccustomed to writing, began to communicate on paper. This fascinating account explores this surge of ordinary writing, how people met the new challenges of literacy and the importance of scribal culture to the history of individual experience in modern Europe. Focusing on correspondence and other writing genres produced by French and Italian soldiers in the trenches in the First World War, as well as Spanish emigrants to the Americas, the book reveals how these writings were influenced by dialect and oral speech and were oblivious to the rules of grammar, spelling and punctuation. Through their sometimes moving stories, we gain an insight into the importance to ordinary peasants of family, village and nation at a time of rapid social and cultural change"-- Provided by publisher.

History of Europe --- Mass communications --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Written communication --- History --- Written discourse --- Written language --- Communication --- Discourse analysis --- Language and languages --- Visual communication --- Arts and Humanities --- Communication écrite --- Europe --- 19e siècle --- 20e siècle

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In this book Gary Gutting tells, clearly and comprehensively, the story of French philosophy from 1890 to 1990. He examines the often neglected background of spiritualism, university idealism, and early philosophy of science, and also discusses the privileged role of philosophy in the French education system. Taking account of this background, together with the influences of avant-garde literature and German philosophy, he develops a rich account of existential phenomenology, which he argues is the central achievement of French thought during the century, and of subsequent structuralist and poststructuralist developments. His discussion includes chapters on Bergson, Sartre, Beauvoir, Merleau-Ponty, Foucault, and Derrida, with sections on other major thinkers including Lyotard, Deleuze, Irigaray, Levinas, and Ricoeur. He offers challenging analyses of the often misunderstood relationship between existential phenomenology and structuralism and of the emergence of poststructuralism. Finally, he sketches the major current trends of French philosophy.

History of philosophy --- anno 1900-1999 --- France --- Philosophy, French --- -French philosophy --- -Philosophy, French --- Philosophy [French ] --- 20th century --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Philosophy, French - 20th century. --- Philosophie --- 20e siècle

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This major contribution to the history of philosophy provides the most comprehensive guide to modern natural law theory available, sets out the full background to liberal ideas of rights and contractarianism, and offers an extensive study of the Scottish Enlightenment. The time span covered is considerable: from the natural law theories of Grotius and Suarez in the early seventeenth century to the American Revolution and the beginnings of utilitarianism. After a detailed survey of modern natural law theory, the book focuses on the Scottish Enlightenment and its European and American connections. Knud Haakonssen explains the relationship between natural law and civic humanist republicanism, and he shows the relevance of these ideas for the understanding of David Hume and Adam Smith. The result is a completely revised background to modern ideas of liberalism and communitarianism.

Natural law --- Law --- Philosophy, Scottish --- Enlightenment --- Droit naturel --- Droit --- Philosophie écossaise --- Siècle des Lumières --- History. --- Philosophy --- History --- Histoire --- Philosophie --- Philosophie écossaise --- Siècle des Lumières --- General ethics --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Sources. --- Philosophy [Scottish ] --- 18th century --- Sources --- Aufklärung --- Eighteenth century --- Philosophy, Modern --- Rationalism --- Arts and Humanities --- Natural law - History. --- Philosophy, Scottish - 18th century. --- Enlightenment - Sources. --- DROIT NATUREL --- SIECLE DES LUMIERES --- HISTOIRE --- PHILOSOPHIE --- 17E-18E SIECLES

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Janet Afary is a native of Iran and a leading historian. Her work focuses on gender and sexuality and draws on her experience of growing up in Iran and her involvement with Iranian women of different ages and social strata. These observations, and a wealth of historical documents, form the kernel of this book, which charts the history of the nation's sexual revolution from the nineteenth century to today. What comes across is the extraordinary resilience of the Iranian people, who have drawn on a rich social and cultural heritage to defy the repression and hardship of the Islamist state and its predecessors. It is this resilience, the author concludes, which forms the basis of a sexual revolution taking place in Iran today, one that is promoting reforms in marriage and family laws, and demanding more egalitarian gender and sexual relations.

Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- History of Asia --- anno 1900-1999 --- Iran --- Physiology: reproduction & development. Ages of life --- Sociology of minorities --- National movements --- History --- Family law. Inheritance law --- Public law. Constitutional law --- Islam --- Sexology --- Human rights --- Sociology of culture --- Women --- Feminism --- Women's rights --- Social conditions --- Sexual behavior --- Femmes --- Féminisme --- Social conditions. --- Conditions sociales --- Sexualité --- Droits --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Women - Iran - Social conditions --- Women - Sexual behavior - Iran --- Feminism - Iran --- Women's rights - Iran --- Sexualité féminine --- 21e siècle --- Droit --- 20e siècle --- Family law --- Contraception --- Gender --- Homosexuality --- Marriage --- Marriage customs --- Love --- Rituals --- Sexuality --- Slavery --- Protest movement --- Women's suffrage --- Book