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Duckworth provides a powerful analysis of the history of security operations at the Olympic Games that pioneered global security efforts in sport. Superbly written and based on the excellent use of international sources, the book is an essential contribution to our understanding of sport policy and sport events. --- Jörg Krieger Aarhus University, Denmark Drawing on new archival documents and interviews, this book demonstrates the evolving role of international politics in Olympic security planning. Olympic security concerns changed forever following the terrorist attack on Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) choice to ignore security after the attack in Munich left individual Olympic Games Organizing Committees to organize, fund, and provide security for the major international event. Future Olympic hosts planned security amidst increasing numbers of international terrorist attacks, and with the Cold War in full swing. For some Olympic hosts, Olympic security now represented their nation’s largest ever military operations. By the time the IOC made security more of a priority in the early 1980s, the trends in Olympic security were set for the future. Austin Duckworth is an independent scholar who most recently worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Aarhus University, Denmark. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Texas at Austin, USA in Physical Culture and Sports Studies. His research interests are international relations, security, and sport.

Politics --- History --- geschiedenis --- politiek --- wereldpolitiek --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- History, Modern. --- Sports --- World politics. --- Modern History. --- Sport History. --- Political History. --- History.

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Despite the execution of Charles I and the establishment of a kingless republic, the period of the English Civil Wars and their aftermath is rarely described as one of constitutional revolution. The notion that the 1650s were politically conservative is exemplified by the tendency of historians to fixate upon the offer of kingship to Oliver Cromwell and his increasingly monarchical appearance. This book rethinks the political history of the 1640s and 1650s by focusing instead upon the upper parliamentary chamber. Besides exploring changing attitudes towards the House of Lords during the Civil Wars, and the circumstances that led to its abolition in 1649, it provides the first thorough study of the Cromwellian "Other House" - a new upper parliamentary chamber of nominated life peers created in 1657. Jonathan Fizgibbons demonstrates how the Other House was much more integral to Cromwell's aims for a lasting post-war settlement than the offer of the Crown. More broadly, this book reconceptualises the political and constitutional history of the 1640s and 1650s by looking beyond outward forms of government and visual culture. It argues that radical shifts in political thought were concealed by apparent continuities in forms of government. Even though the new Cromwellian upper chamber had the familiar appearance of a House of Lords, the very meaning of the House of Lords was contested and transformed by the experience of the Civil Wars and their aftermath.

Politics and government. --- Great Britain. --- History. --- 1642-1660. --- Great Britain --- History --- Politics and government --- Cromwell, Oliver --- 1642-1660 --- England and Wales. --- HISTORY / Modern / 17th Century. --- Civil Wars. --- Cromwellian Protectorate. --- House of Lords. --- Interregnum. --- constitutional changes. --- constitutional revolution. --- government. --- political history.

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“This nuanced, sophisticated, and pathbreaking study of ultimata from ancient times to the present explores the diverse reasons behind their issuance and mixed record of success. Sweijs examines the phenomenon of threat and escalation more generally and offers original insights relevant to the theory and practice of international relations.” — Richard Ned Lebow, Presidential Professor Emeritus at Dartmouth College, USA “This impressive work demonstrates that ultimata are far more successful than is commonly believed. This is a major and potentially troubling fi nding that makes this book a “must-read” for everyone with an interest in in coercion and coercive diplomacy.” — Peter Viggo Jakobsen, Professor at the Royal Danish Defence College Center for War Studies, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Ultimata feature as a core concept in the coercive diplomacy scholarship. Conventional wisdom holds that pursuing an ultimatum strategy is risky. This book shows that the conventional wisdom is wrong on the basis of a new dataset of 87 ultimata issued from 1920–2020. It provides a historical examination of ultimata in Western strategic, political, and legal thought since antiquity until the present, and offers a four-pronged typology that explains their various purposes and effects: 1) the dictate, 2) the conditional war declaration, 3) the bluff, and 4) the brinkmanship ultimatum. The book yields a better understanding of interstate threat behaviour at a time of surging competition. Background materials can be consulted at www.coercivediplomacy.com. Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and a Senior Research Fellow at the Netherlands’ War Studies Research Centre. He advises governments and international organisations and has published on international security, contemporary war, coercion, foresight, and defence planning. .

International relations. Foreign policy --- Politics --- Polemology --- History --- buitenlandse politiek --- communicatie --- geschiedenis --- politiek --- wereldpolitiek --- vrede --- internationale betrekkingen --- Peace. --- International relations. --- Diplomacy. --- World politics. --- Peace and Conflict Studies. --- Foreign Policy. --- Political History. --- International Law --- Law

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This book examines why, on the eve of the pamphlet’s 175th anniversary, the Communist Manifesto left so faint an imprint on Europe’s most revolutionary year of 1848, when it has had such a huge impact on posterity. The Manifesto that year misread bourgeois intentions, put too much faith in the industrial proletariat, too little in peasants, too much emphasis on the German states, and none on England. Marx and Engels preferred in 1848–9 to focus on the middle-class Neue Rheinische Zeitung, declining to galvanise working-class groups whose leadership they had actively sought. They neglected to return swiftly to the German states in their crucial 1848 ‘March days’. The Manifesto’s programme barely overlapped with contemporary campaigners or comparative pamphleteers, or the replacement Demands of the Communist Party in Germany. The book considers the consequences of Marx opting to write the Manifesto alone in January 1848. It also questions the source and significance of the pamphlet’s most memorialised phrase, ‘the spectre of Communism’, whether it was written for the ‘working men of all countries’ addressed in its finale, and whether Marx and Engels regarded the Manifesto as highly in 1848, as they undoubtedly did in later life. David Ireland is an independent historian based in London, UK. He studied German and French at Keble College, Oxford, and more recently did an MA in Political Thought and Intellectual History at UCL/Queen Mary University of London.

Politics --- World history --- History --- History of Europe --- geschiedenis --- politiek --- sociale geschiedenis --- wereldpolitiek --- Europese geschiedenis --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- Europe --- Social history. --- History, Modern. --- World politics. --- European History. --- Social History. --- Theories of History. --- Modern History. --- Political History. --- History. --- Methodology.

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"Lowell Brown has written a compendious, even-handed, exhaustively-researched exploration of the arguments for and against the proposition that an American President can be criminally prosecuted while in office. No scholar, advocate, or citizen concerned with the scope of presidential power or the real danger of an emergent culture of executive branch impunity should be without this book.” —Frank O. Bowman, Professor of Law at the University of Missouri, USA, and author of High Crimes and Misdemeanors: A History of Impeachment for the Age of Trump (2019) This book provides an in depth look at the constitutional, historical, and political arguments concerning presidential immunity from prosecution, as well as the opinions of the Office of Legal Counsel that provided the justification for the decision not to prosecute President Trump. Focusing on those opinions, the book examines the constitutional basis of presidential immunity, both textual and historical, as reflected in the deliberations of the 1787 Convention and the ratification debates. The opinions are viewed in the context of the criminal investigations of Presidents Nixon and Clinton that gave rise to those opinions, as well as the pronouncements of the Supreme Court concerning their claims, and those of President Trump to immunity from judicial inquiry. Lastly, the book analyses presidential immunity in light of the separation of powers, the availability of impeachment, and the discordance between presidential immunity and the rule of law. H. Lowell Brown is a practicing attorney specializing in white collar criminal defense and compliance, and has taught courses in white collar crime, international criminal law and procedure and jurisprudence at the University of Maine Law School, USA. He has written numerous law journal articles on issues of white collar crime and ethics, and is the author of five books, including The American Constitutional Tradition (2017) and High Crimes and Misdemeanors in Presidential Impeachment (2010).

Social psychology --- Politics --- Public law. Constitutional law --- History --- geschiedenis --- politiek --- wereldpolitiek --- leidinggeven --- grondrechten --- staatsrecht --- grondwet --- America --- Executive power. --- Political leadership. --- Constitutional law. --- World politics. --- American Politics. --- Executive Politics. --- Political Leadership. --- Constitutional Law. --- Political History. --- Politics and government.