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This book provides a remarkable and complete survey of important questions at the interface between theoretical particle physics and cosmology. After discussing the theoretical and experimental physics revolution that led to the rise of the Standard Model in the past century, the author reviews all the major open puzzles, among them the hierarchy problem, the small value of the cosmological constant, the matter-antimatter asymmetry, and the dark matter enigma, including the state-of-the-art regarding proposed solutions. Also addressed are the rapidly expanding fields of thermal dark matter, cosmological first-order phase transitions and gravitational-wave signatures. In addition, the book presents the original and interdisciplinary PhD research work of the author relating to Weakly-Interacting-Massive-Particles around the TeV scale, which are among the most studied dark matter candidates. Motivated by the absence of experimental evidence for such particles, this thesis explores the possibility that dark matter is much heavier than what is conventionally assumed.

Science --- Cosmology --- Experimental nuclear and elementary particle physics --- Nuclear physics --- wetenschap --- kosmologie --- atoomfysica --- Cosmology. --- Particles (Nuclear physics)

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During Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider, the ATLAS experiment recorded proton-proton collision events at 13 TeV, the highest energy ever achieved in a collider. Analysis of this dataset has provided new opportunities for precision measurements of the Higgs boson, including its interaction with the top quark. The Higgs-top coupling can be directly probed through the production of a Higgs boson in association with a top-antitop quark pair (ttH). The Higgs to diphoton decay channel is among the most sensitive for ttH measurements due to the excellent diphoton mass resolution of the ATLAS detector and the clean signature of this decay. Event selection criteria were developed using novel Machine Learning techniques to target ttH events, yielding a precise measurement of the ttH cross section in the diphoton channel and a 6.3 $sigma$ observation of the ttH process in combination with other decay channels, as well as stringent limits on CP violation in the Higgs-top coupling.

Quantum mechanics. Quantumfield theory --- Experimental nuclear and elementary particle physics --- Elementary particles --- Nuclear physics --- Programming --- elementaire deeltjes --- kwantumleer --- programmeren (informatica) --- fysica --- atoomfysica --- Higgs bosons. --- CP violation (Nuclear physics) --- Particles (Nuclear physics)

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This thesis addresses the feasibility of the production of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei. These astrophysical objects were theoretically proposed as candidate sources a long time ago. Nevertheless, the interest in them has been recently renewed due to the observational data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. In this work, a comprehensive review of the current status of the research on cosmic rays accelerators is provided, along with a summary of the principal concepts needed to connect these relativistic particles with electromagnetic and neutrino observations in the multi-messenger era. On one hand, the hypothesis of accelerating particles with energies above 10¹⁸ eV in starburst superwinds is carefully revisited, taking into account the constraints imposed by the most recent electromagnetic observations. On the other hand, an alternative new model for the gamma emission of the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 is presented. The implications of the results of these studies are discussed in terms of the contemporary observatories and prospects for future experiments are offered.

Space research --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy --- Experimental nuclear and elementary particle physics --- Nuclear physics --- astrofysica --- ruimte (astronomie) --- astronomie --- atoomfysica --- Astrophysics. --- Plasma astrophysics. --- Particles (Nuclear physics). --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Astrophysical Plasma. --- Particle Physics. --- Observations.

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This book investigates the physics of the discovered Higgs boson and additional Higgs bosons in the extended Higgs models which includes higher-order quantum corrections. While the 125 GeV Higgs boson was discovered, the structure of the Higgs sector is still a mystery. Since the Higgs sector determines the concrete realization of the Higgs mechanism, the study of its nature is one of the central interests in current and future high-energy physics. The book begins with a review of the standard model and the two-Higgs doublet model, which is one of the representatives of the extended Higgs models. Subsequently, we discuss the studies of the two-Higgs doublet model at the lowest order of perturbation. Following the lowest-order analysis, we study the higher-order electroweak corrections in Higgs physics. After reviewing the renormalization procedure and the higher-order corrections in the decays of the discovered Higgs boson, we discuss the higher-order corrections in the Higgs strahlung process from an electron-positron collision, the decays of the additional charged and CP-odd Higgs bosons in the two-Higgs doublet model. From the series of these studies, it is found that the nature of the Higgs sector can be widely investigated by future collider experiments. .

Mathematical physics --- Experimental nuclear and elementary particle physics --- Nuclear physics --- theoretische fysica --- wiskunde --- fysica --- atoomfysica --- Particles (Nuclear physics). --- Mathematical physics. --- Nuclear physics. --- Particle Physics. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Nuclear Physics. --- Mathematical Physics --- Nuclear Physics --- Science

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This book is an introduction to "multi-messenger" astrophysics. It covers the many different aspects connecting particle physics with astrophysics and cosmology and introduces astrophysics using numerous experimental findings recently obtained through the study of high-energy particles.Taking a systematic approach, it comprehensively presents experimental aspects from the most advanced laboratories and detectors, as well as the theoretical background. The book is aimed at graduate students and post-graduate researchers with a basic understanding of particle and nuclear physics. It will also be of interest to particle physicists working in accelerator/collider physics who are keen to understand the mechanisms of the largest accelerators in the Universe.The book draws on the extensive lecturing experience of Professor Maurizio Spurio from the University of Bologna.

Astrophysics --- Mathematical physics --- Quantum mechanics. Quantumfield theory --- Experimental nuclear and elementary particle physics --- Physics --- astrofysica --- deeltjesfysica --- kernenergie --- wiskunde --- fysica --- Nuclear astrophysics --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Particle acceleration --- Quantum field theory --- String models --- Astrophysique nucléaire. --- Particules (physique nucléaire) --- Accélération (mécanique) --- Champs, Théorie quantique des --- Modèles des cordes vibrantes (physique nucléaire) --- Astrophysique nucléaire. --- Particules (physique nucléaire) --- Accélération (mécanique) --- Champs, Théorie quantique des --- Modèles des cordes vibrantes (physique nucléaire)