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The monastic life, traditionally considered as an area of withdrawal from the world, is here shown to be shaped by metaphors of war, and to be actively engaged with battle in the world outside. 'An extremely interesting and important book... makes an important contribution to the history of medieval monastic spirituality in a formative period, whilst also fitting into wider debates on the origins, development and impact of ideas on crusading and holy war.' Dr William Purkis, University of Birmingham. Monastic culture has generally been seen as set apart from the medieval battlefield, as 'those who prayed' were set apart from 'those who fought'. However, in this first study of the place of war within medieval monastic culture, the author shows the limitations of this division. Through a wide reading of Latin sermons, letters, and hagiography, she identifies a monastic language of war that presented the monk as the archetypal 'soldier of Christ' and his life of prayer as a continuous combat with the devil: indeed, monks' claims to supremacy on the spiritual battlefield grew even louder as Church leaders extended the title of 'soldier of Christ' to lay knights and crusaders. So, while medieval monasteries have traditionally been portrayed as peaceful sanctuaries in a violent world, here the author demonstrates that monastic identity was negotiated through real and imaginary encounters with war, and that the concept of spiritual warfare informed virtually every aspect of life in the cloister. It thus breaks new ground in the history of European attitudes toward warfare and warriors in the age of the papal reform movement and the early crusades. Katherine Allen Smith is Assistant Professor of History, University of Puget Sound.

Christian church history --- anno 500-1499 --- Monasticism and religious orders --- War and society --- Monachisme et ordres religieux --- Guerre et société --- History --- Histoire --- -War and society --- -271 "04/14" --- Society and war --- War --- Sociology --- Civilians in war --- Sociology, Military --- Monachism --- Monastic orders --- Monasticism and religious orders for men --- Monasticism and religious orders of men --- Orders, Monastic --- Religious orders --- Brotherhoods --- Christian communities --- Brothers (Religious) --- Friars --- Monks --- Superiors, Religious --- -History --- -Kloosterwezen. Religieuze orden en congregaties. Monachisme--Middeleeuwen --- Social aspects --- Guerre et société --- History. --- 271 "04/14" --- Church history --- Kloosterwezen. Religieuze orden en congregaties. Monachisme--Middeleeuwen

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This book traces the development of monasticism in England, Scotland and Wales from the last half century of Anglo-Saxon England to 1300. It explores the nature of the impact of the Norman settlement on monastic life, and how Britain responded to new, European ideas on monastic life. In particular, it examines Britain's response to the needs of religious women. It covers every aspect of the life and work of the religious orders: their daily life, the buildings in which they lived, their contribution to intellectual developments and to the economy. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between religious houses and their founders and patrons. This shows the degree of dependence of religious houses on local patrons. Indeed, one major theme which emerges from the book is the constant tension between the ideals of monastic communities and the demands of the world.

Christian religious orders --- anno 1200-1299 --- anno 1100-1199 --- anno 1000-1099 --- Great Britain --- Monasticism and religious orders --- Monachisme et ordres religieux --- History --- Histoire --- Grande-Bretagne --- Church history --- Histoire religieuse --- -History --- -Great Britain --- -Church history --- -271 <41> "04/14" --- -Monachism --- Monastic orders --- Monasticism and religious orders for men --- Monasticism and religious orders of men --- Orders, Monastic --- Religious orders --- Brotherhoods --- Christian communities --- Brothers (Religious) --- Friars --- Monks --- Superiors, Religious --- Kloosterwezen. Religieuze orden en congregaties. Monachisme--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland--Middeleeuwen --- -Monasticism and religious orders --- 271 <41> "04/14" --- -Kloosterwezen. Religieuze orden en congregaties. Monachisme--Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland--Middeleeuwen --- Monachism --- Orders, Religious --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Medieval period, 1066-1485 --- Monasticism and religious orders - Great Britain - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500. --- Great Britain - Church history - Medieval period, 1066-1485. --- Middle Ages, 500-1500 --- Monasticism and religious orders - - History - - Middle Ages, 600-1500 - Great Britain --- -Great Britain - - Church history - - Medieval period, 1066-1485 --- Arts and Humanities --- -Christian religious orders

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In 1274 the Council of Lyons decreed the end of various 'new orders' of Mendicants which had emerged during the great push for evangelism and poverty in the thirteenth-century Latin Church. The Franciscans and Dominicans were explicitly excluded, while the Carmelites and Austin friars were allowed a stay of execution. These last two were eventually able to acquire approval, but other smaller groups, in particular the Friars of the Sack and Pied Friars, were forced to disband. This book outlines the history of those who were threatened by 1274, tracing the development of the two larger orders down to the Council of Trent, and following the fragmentary sources for the brief histories of the discontinued friaries. For the first time these orders are treated comparatively: the volume offers a total history, from their origins, spirituality and pastoral impact, to their music, buildings and runaways. FRANCES ANDREWS teaches at the University of St Andrews and is the author of The Early Humiliati (CUP 1999).

Christian religious orders --- Augustins --- Carmelites --- anno 500-1499 --- Monasticism and religious orders --- History --- Augustinians --- Friars of the Sack --- Pied Friars --- 271.73 --- 271.4 --- Karmelieten --- Augustijnen --- -Friars of the Blessed Mary --- -Augustinians --- -Friars of the Sack --- -Ordine della penitenza di Gesù Cristo --- Fratres de Paenitentia Iesu Christi --- Fratres de Paenitentia Jhesu Christi --- Frati delle penitenza di Gesù Cristo --- Ordo penitencie Jesu Christi --- Sack Friars --- Saccati (Religious order) --- Boni Homines (Religious order) --- Fratres Saccati --- Brothers of Penance of Christ --- Friars Minor of the Sack --- Sachetti (Religious order) --- Sack Bearers (Religious order) --- Brothers of Penitence --- Ordinis fratrum de pœnitentia Jesu Christi Dicti de Sacco --- Fratrum de pœnitentia Jesu Christi Dicti de Sacco --- Ordre des frères de la Pénitence de Jésus-Christ, dit du Sac --- Frères de la Pénitence de Jésus-Christ, dit du Sac --- Ordre des frères du Sac --- Ordre de la Pénitence de Jésus-Christ, dit des "frères du Sac" --- Frères du Sac --- Ordo Eremitarum S. Augustini --- Eremitani --- Scalzi di S. Agostino --- Augustinereremitenorden --- Hermits of St. Augustine --- Religiosos Ermitaños de San Agustín --- Augustiniáni --- Ordo Eremitarum Sancti Augustini --- Scalzi di Sant'Agostino --- Hermits of Saint Augustine --- Agustinos --- Order of Saint Augustine --- Augustinian Order --- Zakon Augustjański --- OSA --- Augustinian Friars --- Austin Friars --- Order of Hermits of St. Augustine --- Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine --- Orden de San Agustín --- Agostiniani scalzi --- OESA --- O.E.S.A. --- Ordo Heremitarum S. Augustini --- Ordem dos Eremitas de Santo Agostinho --- Fratres de Pica --- Friars De Domina --- Calced Carmelites --- Carmelitani dell' antica osservanza --- Carmelitas --- Carmelitas de la Antigua Observancia --- Hermanos de la Bienaventurada Virgen María del Monte Carmelo --- Karmeliten --- O. Carm. --- Order of Carmelites --- Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel --- Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel --- Ordo Fratrum Beatae Mariae Virginis de Monte Carmelo --- Ordre de la Bienheureuse Vierge Marie du Mont Carmel --- Orde der Broeders en Zusters van O.L. Vrouw van de Berg Karmel --- Ordem do Carmo --- Carmel, Our Lady of Mount --- Carmelite Nuns --- Discalced Carmelite Nuns --- Discalced Carmelites --- Discalced Carmelites (Italian Congregation) --- Discalced Carmelites (Spanish Congregation) --- -History --- -Monasticism and religious orders --- History. --- -271.73 --- 271.4 Augustijnen --- 271.73 Karmelieten --- -Christian religious orders --- Monachism --- Monastic orders --- Monasticism and religious orders for men --- Monasticism and religious orders of men --- Orders, Monastic --- Orders, Religious --- Religious orders --- Brotherhoods --- Christian communities --- Brothers (Religious) --- Friars --- Monks --- Superiors, Religious --- Ordine della penitenza di Gesù Cristo --- Monasticism and religious orders - Europe - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Friars of the Blessed Mary