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Explaining Attitudes offers an important challenge to the dominant conception of belief found in the work of such philosophers as Dretske and Fodor. According to this dominant view beliefs, if they exist at all, are constituted by states of the brain. Lynne Rudder Baker rejects this view and replaces it with a quite different approach - practical realism. Seen from the perspective of practical realism, any argument that interprets beliefs as either brain states or states of immaterial souls is a 'non-starter'. Practical realism takes beliefs to be states of the whole persons, rather like states of health. What a person believes is determined by what a person would do, say and think in various circumstances. Thus beliefs and other attitudes are interwoven into an integrated, commonsensical conception of reality.

Philosophical anthropology --- Theory of knowledge --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Philosophy of mind. --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Attitudes (Psychology) --- Psychology --- Public opinion --- Stereotypes (Social psychology) --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Cognitive science --- Metaphysics

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The form of social relations described by the terms 'patronage' and 'patron-client relations' is of central concern to sociologists, anthropologists and political scientists today. Characterised by its voluntary and highly personal but often fully institutionalised nature, it is a type of behaviour found in almost every human society. It touches upon basic aspects of the construction and regulation of social order and is therefore closely connected to major theoretical problems and controversies in the social sciences. This book analyses some special types of these interpersonal relations - ritual kinship, patron-client relations and friendship - and the social conditions in which they develop. The authors draw upon a wide range of examples, from societies as diverse as these of the Mediterranean, Latin America, the Middle and Far East and the U.S.S.R., in their study of the core characteristics of such relationships. They look at them as mechanisms of social exchange, examine their impact on the institutional structures in which they exist, and assess the significance of the variations in their occurrence. Their analysis highlights the importance of these relationships in social life and concludes with a stimulating discussion of the ensuring tensions and ambivalences and the ways in which these are dealt with - though perhaps never fully overcome. Patrons, clients and friends is the first systematic comparative study of these interpersonal relations and makes the first attempt to relate them to central aspects of social structure. It will therefore be an important contribution to both comparative analysis and social theory and will be of interest to a wide range of social scientists.

Social stratification --- Social psychology --- Interpersonal relations --- Trust --- Patron and client --- Friendship --- Interpersonal relations. --- Trust. --- Patron and client. --- Friendship. --- #SBIB:309H021 --- 316.47 --- Intra- en interpersonele communicatie --- Sociale relaties --(sociologie) --- 316.47 Sociale relaties --(sociologie) --- Trust (Psychology) --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Emotions --- Clientela --- Clientelism --- Patronage, Roman --- Human relations --- Interpersonal relationships --- Personal relations --- Relations, Interpersonal --- Relationships, Interpersonal --- Social behavior --- Object relations (Psychoanalysis) --- Affection --- Friendliness --- Conduct of life --- Love --- Social Sciences --- Sociology

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Propositional attitude reports are sentences built around clause-embedding psychological verbs, like Kim believes that it's raining or Kim wants it to rain. These interact in many intricate ways with a wide variety of semantically relevant grammatical phenomena, and represent one of the most important topics at the interface of linguistics and philosophy, as their study provides insight into foundational questions about meaning. This book provides a bird's-eye overview of the grammar of propositional attitude reports, synthesizing the key facts, theories, and open problems in their analysis. Couched in the theoretical framework of generative grammar and compositional truth-conditional semantics, it places emphasis on points of intersection between propositional attitude reports and other important topics in semantic and syntactic theory. With discussion points, suggestions for further reading and a useful guide to symbols and conventions, it will be welcomed by students and researchers wishing to explore this fertile area of study.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Pragmatics --- Propositional attitudes --- Scope (Linguistics) --- Intentionality (Philosophy) --- Modality (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Semantics --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Language and languages --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Sentences (Grammar) --- Syntax --- Linguistics --- Act (Philosophy) --- Mind and body --- Philosophy --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Thought and thinking --- Sentences --- Philology --- Propositional attitudes. --- Pragmatics. --- Semantics. --- Syntax. --- Sentences. --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax

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Few Renaissance Venetians saw the New World with their own eyes. As the print capital of early modern Europe, however, Venice developed a unique relationship to the Americas. Venetian editors, mapmakers, translators, writers, and cosmographers represented the New World at times as a place that the city's mariners had discovered before the Spanish, a world linked to Marco Polo's China, or another version of Venice, especially in the case of Tenochtitlan. Elizabeth Horodowich explores these various and distinctive modes of imagining the New World, including Venetian rhetorics of 'firstness', similitude, othering, comparison, and simultaneity generated through forms of textual and visual pastiche that linked the wider world to the Venetian lagoon. These wide-ranging stances allowed Venetians to argue for their different but equivalent participation in the Age of Encounters. Whereas historians have traditionally focused on the Spanish conquest and colonization of the New World, and the Dutch and English mapping of it, they have ignored the wide circulation of Venetian Americana. Horodowich demonstrates how with their printed texts and maps, Venetian newsmongers embraced a fertile tensi

Geodesy. Cartography --- History of civilization --- anno 1500-1599 --- Venice --- America --- Discoveries in geography. --- Venice (Italy) --- Relations --- Discovery and exploration --- Italian. --- Foreign public opinion, Italian. --- Civilization. --- Intellectual life. --- Découvertes géographiques. --- Relations extérieures --- Découvertes géographiques italiennes --- Opinion publique italienne --- Vie intellectuelle --- Civilisation --- Discoveries in geography --- Découvertes --- --Géographie --- --Venise --- --Relation --- --Amérique --- --Opinion publique --- --Civilisation --- --Vie intellectuelle --- --Venice (Italy) --- Italian --- Foreign public opinion, Italian --- Civilization --- Intellectual life --- Géographie --- Relation --- Opinion publique --- Venise --- Amérique --- Venice (Italy) - Relations - America --- America - Discovery and exploration - Italian --- America - Foreign public opinion, Italian --- Venice (Italy) - Civilization --- Venice (Italy) - Intellectual life --- Publishers and publishing --- Cartography --- Map printing --- Public opinion --- History --- aVenice (Italy) --- Discovery and exploration. --- Opinion, Public --- Perception, Public --- Popular opinion --- Public perception --- Public perceptions --- Judgment --- Social psychology --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Focus groups --- Reputation --- Maps --- Maps, Printing of --- Printing --- Cartography, Primitive --- Chartography --- Map-making --- Mapmaking --- Mapping (Cartography) --- Mathematical geography --- Surveying --- Map projection --- Book publishing --- Books --- Book industries and trade --- Booksellers and bookselling --- Reproduction --- Publishing --- Americas --- New World --- Western Hemisphere --- Bneci (Italy) --- Mleci (Italy) --- Mleti (Italy) --- Venecia (Italy) --- Venezia (Italy) --- Venedig (Italy) --- Venetik (Italy) --- Venet︠s︡ii︠a︡ (Italy) --- Velence (Italy) --- Benetia (Italy) --- Venetia (Italy) --- Wenecja (Italy) --- Venise (Italy) --- Fenice (Italy) --- Benetke (Italy) --- Vinegia (Italy) --- Burano (Italy) --- Murano (Italy) --- Venice (Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom) --- Découvertes géographiques. --- Relations extérieures --- Découvertes géographiques italiennes