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This book examines the health/fitness interaction in an historical context. Beginning in primitive hunter-gatherer communities, where survival required adequate physical activity, it goes on to consider changes in health and physical activity at subsequent stages in the evolution of “civilization.” It focuses on the health impacts of a growing understanding of medicine and physiology, and the emergence of a middle-class with the time and money to choose between active and passive leisure pursuits. The book reflects on urbanization and industrialization in relation to the need for public health measures, and the ever-diminishing physical demands of the work-place. It then evaluates the attitudes of prelates, politicians, philosophers and teachers at each stage of the process. Finally, the book explores professional and governmental initiatives to increase public involvement in active leisure through various school, worksite, recreational and sports programmes.

Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- History of human medicine --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Social medicine --- Recreation. Games. Sports. Corp. expression --- History --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- preventieve gezondheidszorg --- sport --- sportwetenschappen --- geneeskunde --- geschiedenis --- gezondheidspromotie --- sportgeneeskunde --- Prehistory

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This book examines the new knowledge that has been gained from the objective monitoring of habitual physical activity by means of pedometers and accelerometers. It reviews current advances in the technology of activity monitoring and details advantages of objective monitors relative to physical activity questionnaires. It points to continuing gaps in knowledge, and explores the potential for further advances in the design of objective monitoring devices. Epidemiologists have studied relationships between questionnaire assessments of habitual physical activity and various medical conditions for some seventy years. In general, they have observed positive associations between regular exercise and good health, but because of inherent limitations in the reliability and accuracy of physical activity questionnaires, optimal exercise recommendations for the prevention and treatment of disease have remained unclear. Inexpensive pedometers and accelerometers now offer the epidemiologist the potential to collect relatively precisely graded and objective information on the volume, intensity and patterns of effort that people are undertaking, to relate this data to past and future health experience, and to establish dose/response relationships between physical activity and the various components of health. Such information is important both in assessing the causal nature of the observed associations and in establishing evidence-based recommendations concerning the minimal levels of daily physical activity needed to maintain good health. .

Human physiology --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Physiotherapy. Alternative treatments --- Epidemiology --- Social medicine --- Pathological biochemistry --- Human medicine --- Recreation. Games. Sports. Corp. expression --- medische biochemie --- preventieve gezondheidszorg --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- biomedische wetenschappen --- gezondheidspromotie --- revalidatie --- sportgeneeskunde --- fysiologie --- epidemiologie