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Research on intelligent agents and multi-agent systems has matured during the past decade, and many effective applications of this technology are currently being deployed. Although computational approaches for multi-agent systems have mainly emerged in the past few decades, scholars have been prolific with regard to the variety of methods proposed to solve this paradigm. Different communities have emerged with multi-agent systems as their main research topic. Multi-agent systems allow the development of distributed and intelligent applications in complex and dynamic environments. Systems of this kind play a crucial role in life, evidenced by the broad range of applied areas involved in their use, including manufacturing, management sciences, e-commerce, and biotechnology. There are many reasons for the interest of researchers in this new discipline. Firstly, computational systems have gradually shifted towards a distributed paradigm where heterogeneous entities with different goals can enter and leave the system dynamically and interact with each other. Secondly, new computational systems should be able to negotiate with one another, typically on the behalf of humans, in order to come to mutually acceptable agreements. As a consequence, autonomy, interaction, mobility, and openness are key concepts studied in the area. The purpose of this book is to document some of the advances made in this paradigm and attempt to show the current state of this technology by analyzing different aspects in addition its possible application in various domains. This review of the current state-of-the-art does not intend to make an exhaustive exploration of all the current existing works but, rather, to try to give an overview of the research in agent technology, showing the high level of activity of this area.

History of engineering & technology --- multi-robot --- consensus problem --- formation control --- noise --- time delay --- unmanned surface vehicles --- multi-agent system --- training system --- genetic-based fuzzy rule learning --- intelligent autonomous control --- modeling and simulation --- multi-agent systems --- smart city development --- spatiotemporal modeling --- actor–network theory --- geoparticipation --- social interactions --- simulation model --- photovoltaic energy --- parameter fine-tuning --- self-reported behaviour --- predictive model --- multi-agent planning and scheduling --- potential game --- equilibrium selection --- interoperability --- multiagent systems --- organizational models --- agent-based collective intelligence --- multi-agent complex systems --- scale-free properties --- power law distribution --- biologically inspired approaches and methods --- collective foraging --- physics-based simulation --- methodologies for agent-based systems --- multi-robot simulation --- discrete event simulator --- agent and multi-agent applications --- classification --- prediction --- multi-agent --- wisdom-of-crowds --- Hollywood --- feature-extension --- collective-intelligence --- swarm --- educational games --- game design --- situated psychological agents --- education --- competences --- decision support system --- agent based modeling and simulation --- production scheduling --- green coffee supply chain --- agent-based modeling --- agent-based simulation --- decision support

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In the Interest of Others develops a new theory of organizational leadership and governance to explain why some organizations expand their scope of action in ways that do not benefit their members directly. John Ahlquist and Margaret Levi document eighty years of such activism by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union in the United States and the Waterside Workers Federation in Australia. They systematically compare the ILWU and WWF to the Teamsters and the International Longshoremen's Association, two American transport industry labor unions that actively discouraged the pursuit of political causes unrelated to their own economic interests. Drawing on a wealth of original data, Ahlquist and Levi show how activist organizations can profoundly transform the views of members about their political efficacy and the collective actions they are willing to contemplate. They find that leaders who ask for support of projects without obvious material benefits must first demonstrate their ability to deliver the goods and services members expect. These leaders must also build governance institutions that coordinate expectations about their objectives and the behavior of members. In the Interest of Others reveals how activist labor unions expand the community of fate and provoke preferences that transcend the private interests of individual members. Ahlquist and Levi then extend this logic to other membership organizations, including religious groups, political parties, and the state itself.

Labor unions --- Labor movement. --- Political activity. --- ILWU leaders. --- ILWU members. --- International Brotherhood of Teamsters. --- International Longshore and Warehouse Union. --- International Longshoremen's Association. --- Maritime Union of Australia. --- Waterside Workers' Federation. --- activist unions. --- aggregate behavior. --- altruism. --- business unions. --- cooperation. --- economic opportunities. --- economism. --- equilibrium selection. --- ethnic divisions. --- governance arrangements. --- governance equilibrium. --- governance. --- ill-formed beliefs. --- individual members. --- industrial efficacy. --- information acquisition. --- internal heterogeneity. --- international trade. --- labor organization. --- labor unions. --- leadership rents. --- members. --- membership organizations. --- national-level organizations. --- nationalist groups. --- organization governance. --- organizational governance. --- organizational leaders. --- organizational leadership. --- organizational norms. --- political activism. --- political beliefs. --- political causes. --- political commitments. --- political mobilization. --- political opinions. --- religious divisions. --- selective incentives. --- self-selection. --- social justice. --- social networks. --- solidarity. --- state-building. --- trade liberalization. --- trade restrictions. --- union activities. --- union activity. --- union leaders. --- union. --- unions. --- volunteering.

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Why do humans, uniquely among animals, cooperate in large numbers to advance projects for the common good? Contrary to the conventional wisdom in biology and economics, this generous and civic-minded behavior is widespread and cannot be explained simply by far-sighted self-interest or a desire to help close genealogical kin. In A Cooperative Species, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis--pioneers in the new experimental and evolutionary science of human behavior--show that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers. The authors describe how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival. Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment. Using experimental, archaeological, genetic, and ethnographic data to calibrate models of the coevolution of genes and culture as well as prehistoric warfare and other forms of group competition, A Cooperative Species provides a compelling and novel account of how humans came to be moral and cooperative.

Cooperation. --- Cooperativeness. --- Behavior evolution. --- Behavioral evolution --- Cooperation (Psychology) --- Collaborative economy --- Cooperative distribution --- Cooperative movement --- Distribution, Cooperative --- Peer-to-peer economy --- Sharing economy --- Evolutionary psychology --- Social psychology --- Economics --- Profit-sharing --- Cooperation --- Cooperativeness --- Behavior evolution --- E-books --- Australia. --- altruism. --- altruistic cooperation. --- altruistic punishment. --- ancestral humans. --- behavior. --- beliefs. --- coevolution. --- common good. --- constraints. --- coordinated punishment. --- correlated equilibrium. --- costly signaling. --- cultural transmission. --- culture. --- early humans. --- equilibrium selection. --- ethical norms. --- evolution. --- evolutionary dynamics. --- fitness-reducing norm. --- fitness. --- folk theorem. --- foragers. --- free-riders. --- free-riding. --- gene-culture coevolution. --- genetic differentiation. --- genetic inheritance. --- group competition. --- group membership. --- guilt. --- helping behavior. --- hostility. --- human cooperation. --- hunter-gatherer society. --- inclusive fitness. --- indirect reciprocity. --- institutions. --- intergroup conflict. --- internalization. --- multi-level selection. --- norms. --- parochial altruism. --- parochialism. --- peer pressure. --- phenotypic expression. --- positive assortment. --- preferences. --- prehistoric human society. --- private information. --- prosocial behavior. --- public goods game. --- public information. --- punishment. --- reciprocal altruism. --- repeated game. --- reproductive leveling. --- sacrifice. --- selective extinction. --- self-interest. --- shame. --- social behavior. --- social dilemmas. --- social emotions. --- social institutions. --- social interactions. --- social norms. --- social order. --- social preferences. --- socialization. --- sociobiology. --- strong reciprocity. --- within-group segmentation.