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Cerebral cortex. --- Gyrus Cinguli. --- Brain mantle --- Cortex, Cerebral --- Cortex cerebri --- Mantle of brain --- Pallium (Brain) --- Telencephalon --- Anterior Cingulate --- Anterior Cingulate Cortex --- Anterior Cingulate Gyrus --- Cingular Gyrus --- Cingulate Area --- Cingulate Body --- Cingulate Cortex --- Cingulate Region --- Gyrus Cinguli Anterior --- Gyrus, Cingulate --- Posterior Cingulate --- Posterior Cingulate Cortex --- Posterior Cingulate Gyri --- Posterior Cingulate Gyrus --- Posterior Cingulate Region --- Superior Mesial Regions --- Cingulate Gyrus --- Anterior Cingulate Cortices --- Anterior Cingulates --- Anterior, Gyrus Cinguli --- Anteriors, Gyrus Cinguli --- Area, Cingulate --- Areas, Cingulate --- Bodies, Cingulate --- Body, Cingulate --- Cingulate Areas --- Cingulate Bodies --- Cingulate Cortex, Anterior --- Cingulate Cortex, Posterior --- Cingulate Cortices, Anterior --- Cingulate Cortices, Posterior --- Cingulate Gyri, Posterior --- Cingulate Gyrus, Anterior --- Cingulate Gyrus, Posterior --- Cingulate Region, Posterior --- Cingulate Regions --- Cingulate Regions, Posterior --- Cingulate, Anterior --- Cingulate, Posterior --- Cingulates, Anterior --- Cingulates, Posterior --- Cinguli Anterior, Gyrus --- Cinguli Anteriors, Gyrus --- Cortex, Anterior Cingulate --- Cortex, Cingulate --- Cortex, Posterior Cingulate --- Cortices, Anterior Cingulate --- Cortices, Posterior Cingulate --- Gyri, Posterior Cingulate --- Gyrus Cinguli Anteriors --- Gyrus, Anterior Cingulate --- Gyrus, Cingular --- Gyrus, Posterior Cingulate --- Mesial Region, Superior --- Mesial Regions, Superior --- Posterior Cingulate Cortices --- Posterior Cingulate Regions --- Posterior Cingulates --- Region, Cingulate --- Region, Posterior Cingulate --- Region, Superior Mesial --- Regions, Cingulate --- Regions, Posterior Cingulate --- Regions, Superior Mesial --- Superior Mesial Region --- Retrosplenial Complex --- Retrosplenial Cortex --- Complex, Retrosplenial --- Cortex, Retrosplenial --- Retrosplenial Complices --- Retrosplenial Cortices

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Coping has a myriad of facets: knowledge concerning the circumstances of threats to emotional and physical well being, the ability to meet immediate needs to mitigate, the potential for recurrence, the ability to apply efforts and resources to manage recurrence, and the complex assessment of competing motivations and changing circumstances. Successful coping is measured in the efficiency of efforts in balance with the degree of threat and likelihood of future occurrence. As one means of coping, avoidance encompass thoughts and efforts toward prevention of future aversive experiences and events. Anxiety disorders exemplify an extreme bias toward avoidance. A diathesis learning model focuses research efforts on individual vulnerabilities to acquire and express avoidance, the neurobiology of avoidance learning and its attendant circuitry. A fundamental understanding of avoidance through a diathesis learning model offers will facilitate the development of effective treatment protocols in alleviating anxiety disorders.

RDoC --- stress --- Amygdala --- Diathesis --- Anxiety --- expectancy --- cingulate --- coping --- Hippocampus --- posttraumatic stress disorder

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The claustrum is a long, band-like grey matter structure situated in the ventrolateral telencephalon of most, if not all, mammalian brains. Due to its shape and close proximity to white matter structures and insular cortex, the anatomy and behavioral relevance of the claustrum have proven difficult to study. As a result, disagreements in the literature exist over ontogeny, phylogeny, anatomical boundaries, and connectivity. Despite this, it is generally regarded that the claustrum contains excitatory projection neurons that reciprocally connect to most regions of the cerebral cortex, a feature that has fostered varying hypotheses as to its function. These hypotheses propose multisensory integration, coordination of cortical activity for the generation of conscious percepts, or saliency filtration. This special topic will consider the historical and recent highlights in claustrum structure, ontogeny, phylogeny, hodology, function and clinical research and seek to provide a compelling way forward for this “hidden” nucleus.

Neuroscience. --- comparative anatomy --- Cingulate cortex --- connectivity --- Attention --- claustrum --- insular cortex --- insula --- conciousness --- Prefrontal Cortex

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The claustrum is a long, band-like grey matter structure situated in the ventrolateral telencephalon of most, if not all, mammalian brains. Due to its shape and close proximity to white matter structures and insular cortex, the anatomy and behavioral relevance of the claustrum have proven difficult to study. As a result, disagreements in the literature exist over ontogeny, phylogeny, anatomical boundaries, and connectivity. Despite this, it is generally regarded that the claustrum contains excitatory projection neurons that reciprocally connect to most regions of the cerebral cortex, a feature that has fostered varying hypotheses as to its function. These hypotheses propose multisensory integration, coordination of cortical activity for the generation of conscious percepts, or saliency filtration. This special topic will consider the historical and recent highlights in claustrum structure, ontogeny, phylogeny, hodology, function and clinical research and seek to provide a compelling way forward for this “hidden” nucleus.

Neuroscience. --- Neuroscience --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- comparative anatomy --- Cingulate cortex --- connectivity --- Attention --- claustrum --- insular cortex --- insula --- conciousness --- Prefrontal Cortex

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There is increasing interest in understanding the interplay of emotional and cognitive processes. The objective of the Research Topic was to provide an interdisciplinary survey of cutting-edge neuroscientific research on the interaction and integration of emotion and cognition in the brain. The following original empirical reports, commentaries and theoretical reviews provide a comprehensive survey on recent advances in understanding how emotional and cognitive processes interact, how they are integrated in the brain, and what their implications for understanding the mind and its disorders are. These works encompasses a broad spectrum of populations and showcases a wide variety of paradigms, measures, analytic strategies, and conceptual approaches. The aim of the Topic was to begin to address several key questions about the interplay of cognitive and emotional processes in the brain, including: what is the impact of emotional states, anxiety and stress on various cognitive functions? How are emotion and cognition integrated in the brain? Do individual differences in affective dimensions of temperament and personality alter cognitive performance, and how is this realized in the brain? Are there individual differences that increase vulnerability to the impact of affect on cognition--who is vulnerable, and who resilient? How plastic is the interplay of cognition and emotion? Taken together, these works demonstrate that emotion and cognition are deeply interwoven in the fabric of the brain, suggesting that widely held beliefs about the key constituents of 'the emotional brain' and 'the cognitive brain' are fundamentally flawed. Developing a deeper understanding of the emotional-cognitive brain is important, not just for understanding the mind but also for elucidating the root causes of its many debilitating disorders.

Emotions and cognition. --- Amygdaloid body. --- Neurobiology. --- emotion control --- Exogenous and Endogenous Attention --- mid cingulate cortex --- Amygdala --- working memory --- Emotion Regulation --- brain networks --- emotion cognition interactions --- Prefrontal Cortex