Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Project management --- CPM --- Time/cost trade-off --- Time-switch constraints

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Everyone is familiar with the speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). To make good choices, we need to balance the conflicting demands of fast and accurate decision making. After all, hasty decisions often lead to poor choices, but accurate decisions may be useless if they take too long. This notion is intuitive because it reflects a fundamental aspect of cognition: not only do we deliberate over the evidence for decisions, but we can control that deliberative process. This control raises many questions for the study of choice behaviour and executive function. For example, how do we figure out the appropriate balance between speed and accuracy on a given task? How do we impose that balance on our decisions, and what is its neural basis? Researchers have addressed these and related questions for decades, using a variety of methods and offering answers at different levels of abstraction. Given this diverse methodology, our aim is to provide a unified view of the SAT. Extensive analysis of choice behaviour suggests that we make decisions by accumulating evidence until some criterion is reached. Thus, adjusting the criterion controls how long we accumulate evidence and therefore the speed and accuracy of decisions. This simple framework provides the platform for our unified view. In the pages that follow, leading experts in decision neuroscience consider the history of SAT research, strategies for determining the optimal balance between speed and accuracy, conditions under which this seemingly ubiquitous phenomenon breaks down, and the neural mechanisms that may implement the computations of our unifying framework.

Decision Making --- Neural mechanisms of cognition --- Speed-accuracy trade-off --- decision neuroscience --- bounded integration --- Decision Making --- Neural mechanisms of cognition --- Speed-accuracy trade-off --- decision neuroscience --- bounded integration

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Everyone is familiar with the speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). To make good choices, we need to balance the conflicting demands of fast and accurate decision making. After all, hasty decisions often lead to poor choices, but accurate decisions may be useless if they take too long. This notion is intuitive because it reflects a fundamental aspect of cognition: not only do we deliberate over the evidence for decisions, but we can control that deliberative process. This control raises many questions for the study of choice behaviour and executive function. For example, how do we figure out the appropriate balance between speed and accuracy on a given task? How do we impose that balance on our decisions, and what is its neural basis? Researchers have addressed these and related questions for decades, using a variety of methods and offering answers at different levels of abstraction. Given this diverse methodology, our aim is to provide a unified view of the SAT. Extensive analysis of choice behaviour suggests that we make decisions by accumulating evidence until some criterion is reached. Thus, adjusting the criterion controls how long we accumulate evidence and therefore the speed and accuracy of decisions. This simple framework provides the platform for our unified view. In the pages that follow, leading experts in decision neuroscience consider the history of SAT research, strategies for determining the optimal balance between speed and accuracy, conditions under which this seemingly ubiquitous phenomenon breaks down, and the neural mechanisms that may implement the computations of our unifying framework.

Decision Making --- Neural mechanisms of cognition --- Speed-accuracy trade-off --- decision neuroscience --- bounded integration

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Input subsidy programs (ISP) often have two conflicting targeting goals: selecting individuals with the highest marginal return to inputs on efficiency grounds, or the poorest individuals on equity grounds, allowing for a secondary market to restore efficiency gains. To study this targeting dilemma, this paper implements a field experiment where beneficiaries of an ISP were selected via a lottery or a local committee. In lottery villages, the study finds evidence of a secondary market as beneficiaries are more likely to sell inputs to non-beneficiaries. In contrast, in non-lottery villages, the study finds evidence of displacement of private fertilizer sales yet no elite capture. The impacts of the ISP on agricultural productivity and welfare are limited, suggesting that resources should be directed at complementary investments, such as improving soil quality and irrigation.

Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agriculture --- Efficiency Gains --- Equity --- Fertilizer --- Fertilizers --- Input Subsidies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Taxation and Subsidies --- Trade-Off

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book covers all aspects of modern finance relating to portfolio theory and risk–return relationship, offering a comprehensive guide to the importance, measurement and application of the risk–return hypothesis in portfolio management. It is divided into five parts: Part I discusses the valuation of capital assets and presents various techniques and models used in this context. Part II then addresses market efficiency and capital market models, particularly focusing on measuring market efficiency, which is a crucial factor in making correct investment decisions. It also analyzes the major capital market models like CAPM and APT to determine to what extent they are suitable for use in developing economies. Part III highlights the significance of risk–return analysis as a prerequisite for investment decisions, while Part IV examines the selection and performance appraisals of portfolios against the backdrop of the risk–return relationship. It also examines new tools such as the value-at-risk application for mutual funds and the applications of the price-to-earnings ratio in portfolio performance measurement. Lastly, Part V explores contemporary issues in finance, including the relevance of Islamic finance in the increasingly volatile global financial system.

Risk-return relationships. --- Portfolio management. --- Investment management --- Investment analysis --- Investments --- Securities --- Risk-return trade-off --- Risk-reward trade-off --- Rate of return --- Risk --- Finance. --- Accounting. --- Bookkeeping . --- Economics, Mathematical . --- Finance, general. --- Accounting/Auditing. --- Quantitative Finance. --- Economics --- Mathematical economics --- Econometrics --- Mathematics --- Double entry bookkeeping --- Business --- Business education --- Accounting --- Accountancy --- Business enterprises --- Commerce --- Commercial accounting --- Finance --- Financial accounting --- Bookkeeping --- Funding --- Funds --- Currency question --- Methodology