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Needle exchange programs --- Chlorine and derivatives as disinfectants --- AIDS (Disease) --- Needle-Exchange Programs --- Substance Abuse, Intravenous --- HIV Infections --- United States --- Health Policy --- Disinfectants --- Lentivirus Infections --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral --- Preventive Health Services --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Public Policy --- Specialty Uses of Chemicals --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes --- Anti-Infective Agents --- North America --- Americas --- Social Control Policies --- Retroviridae Infections --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases --- Mental Disorders --- Community Health Services --- Health Services --- Diseases --- Therapeutic Uses --- Immune System Diseases --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Social Control, Formal --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Policy --- Virus Diseases --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Geographic Locations --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Pharmacologic Actions --- RNA Virus Infections --- Health Care --- Social Sciences --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Geographicals --- Sociology --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Communicable Diseases --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Prevention --- Chlorine and derivatives as disinfectants. --- Prevention. --- Exchange programs, Needle --- Exchange programs, Syringe --- Exchange services, Needle --- Exchange services, Syringe --- Hypodermic needle exchange programs --- Hypodermic syringe exchange program --- Needle exchange services --- Needle swap programs --- Syringe exchange programs --- Syringe exchange services --- Disinfection and disinfectants --- Bloodborne infections --- Hypodermic needles

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Social Networks, Drug Injectors' Lives, and HIV/AIDS recognizes HIV as a socially structured disease - its transmission usually requires intimate contact between individuals - and shows how social networks shape high-risk behaviors and the spread of HIV. The authors recount the groundbreaking use of social network methods, ethnographic direct-observation techniques, and in-depth interviews in their study of a drug-using community in Brooklyn, New York. They provide a detailed documentary of the lives of community members. They describe drug-use, the affects of poverty and homelessness, the acquisition of money and drugs, and social relationships within the group. Social Networks, Drug Injectors' Lives, and HIV/AIDS shows that social networks and contexts are of crucial importance in understanding and fighting the AIDS epidemic. These findings should revitalize prevention efforts and reshape social policy.

AIDS (Disease) --- Intravenous drug abuse --- Needle sharing --- Health behavior. --- Transmission. --- Social aspects. --- Risk factors. --- Health aspects. --- Intravenous drug abusers --- Health and hygiene. --- Medicine. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Public Health. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Public health. --- Health promotion. --- Infectious diseases. --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Preventive health services --- Health education --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Behavior, Health --- Health habits --- Diseases --- Habit --- Health attitudes --- Human behavior --- Medicine and psychology --- Hypodermic needle sharing --- Hypodermic syringe sharing --- Sharing of hypodermic needles --- Syringe sharing --- Hypodermic needles --- IDA (Intravenous drug abuse) --- Injecting drug abuse --- Intravenous substance abuse --- IV drug abuse --- IVDA (Intravenous drug abuse) --- Substance abuse, Intravenous --- Drug abuse --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- HIV infections --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Causes and theories of causation

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Recent advances in microsystems technology and cell culture techniques have led to the development of organ-on-chip microdevices that produce tissue-level functionality, not possible with conventional culture models, by recapitulating natural tissue architecture and microenvironmental cues within microfluidic devices.

n/a --- tissue engineering --- microfluidic device --- ischemia/reperfusion injury --- syringe pump --- liver-on-a-chip --- vacuum chuck --- epithelial–endothelial interface --- vessel branching --- organs-on-chips --- nanogrooves --- passive delivery --- functional neuron imaging --- organ-on-a-chip --- lung epithelial cell --- MEMS --- drug absorption --- strain --- 3D cell culture system --- mechanical cue --- multi-culture --- angiogenesis --- high-throughput screening --- fluoroelastomer --- membranes --- cell culture --- paracellular/transcellular transport --- beating force --- microfabrication --- drug hepatotoxicity --- biomimetic oxidation --- compression --- microfluidics --- surfactant protein --- PDMS --- neuronal cell networks --- neuronal guidance --- trans-epithelial electrical resistance --- spheroid array --- organ-on-a-chip (OOC) --- biomechanics --- cell --- organ-on-chips --- organ-on-chip --- stretch --- shear stress --- shear flow --- image-based screening --- drug metabolism --- vascularization --- human induced pluripotent Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CM) --- stress --- barrier permeability --- bio-mechanical property --- cardiac 3D tissue --- endothelial cell activation --- organoid --- silicon --- lattice light-sheet microscopy --- integrated pump --- SH-SY5Y cells --- thrombolysis --- 3D cell culture --- neuronal cells --- drug efficacy --- vascularized tumor model --- epithelial-endothelial interface

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The development of micro- and nanodevices for blood analysis continues to be a growing interdisciplinary subject that demands the careful integration of different research fields. Following the success of the book “Micro/Nano Devices for Blood Analysis”, we invited more authors from the scientific community to participate in and submit their research for a second volume. Researchers from different areas and backgrounds cooperated actively and submitted high-quality research, focusing on the latest advances and challenges in micro- and nanodevices for diagnostics and blood analysis; micro- and nanofluidics; technologies for flow visualization and diagnosis; biochips, organ-on-a-chip and lab-on-a-chip devices; and their applications to research and industry.

Information technology industries --- blood viscosity --- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) --- T-shaped microfluidic channel --- air-compressed syringe (ACS) --- micro-particle image velocimetry --- viscoelasticity --- microfluidic device --- coflowing streams --- interface --- linear differential equation --- two approximate factors --- dielectrophoresis --- electrophysiological properties --- crossover frequency --- wake or recirculation formation --- dielectric spectra --- air compliance effect --- RBC aggregation --- blood viscoelasticity --- blood velocity fields --- interface in co-flowing streams --- blood flow --- particle tracking --- red blood cells --- manual methods --- automatic methods --- image analysis --- biomicrofluidics --- microfluidics --- blood plasma filtration --- chip extract --- blood molecules --- patient-derived organoids --- colorectal cancer --- 3D model --- drug screening --- diagnostics --- malaria --- optical filters --- reflectance --- spectrophotometry --- TFCalc --- small caliber blood vessel --- composite molding --- micro-nano structure --- tissue repair --- 3D printing --- blood cells --- fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy --- functional group --- lab-on-a-chip

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Flow analysis is an automatic, precise and fast way to perform analytical tests. Flow instruments are used for clinical and pharmaceutical analyses, quality control of industrial products, monitoring of environmental pollution and many other fields. The book presents the latest methodological, technical and instrumental achievements in flow analysis. It shows new possibilities for the miniaturization and full mechanization of flow systems, together with examples of their interesting application. The proposed solutions contribute to reducing the amount of used reagents and waste, as well as increasing the safety of working with hazardous reagents, resulting in modern devices operating in accordance with the principles of green chemistry. A number of innovative methods of processing and measuring analytical samples have also been described. The book very well reflects the current state of flow analysis and development directions.

Research & information: general --- cholesterol --- serum samples --- lab-on-valve --- automation --- enzymatic reaction --- neonicotinoid --- thiacloprid --- solid-phase spectroscopy --- optosensor --- luminescence --- bioaccessibility --- dog food --- dog nutrition --- dynamic extraction --- flow analysis --- kinetic profile --- zinc --- nuclear waste --- spent nuclear fuel --- ß-emitting nuclides --- 90Sr --- flow injection --- ICP-DRC-MS --- flow synthesis --- flow reactors --- flow-injection analysis --- flow techniques --- radionuclides --- radiochemical separation --- environmental monitoring --- nuclear emergency preparedness --- radioactive waste characterization --- medical isotope production --- titration --- Fe(III), Fe(II) determination --- speciation analysis --- Lab-In-Syringe --- automation of sample pretreatment --- potentials and troubles --- system setup and operation modes --- tips and tricks in method development --- 3D printing of instrument elements --- histidine --- random human urine --- zone fluidics --- o-phthalaldehyde --- derivatization --- stopped-flow --- fluorimetry --- SI-LAV --- mono-segmented flow --- in-line dilution --- in-line single-standard calibration --- in-line standard addition --- albumin --- glucose --- creatinine --- flow method --- chitosan --- catalyst particles --- micron-size --- sampling study --- p-nitrophenol reduction --- preconcentration --- evaporation --- sequential injection analysis --- paired emitter–detector diode detector --- contactless conductivity detector --- flow-based analysis --- simultaneous detection --- sequential detection --- flow chemistry