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This book Electrochemical Sensors Technology mostly reviews the modem methods and significant electrochemical and electroanalytical applications of chemical sensors and biosensors. Chapters of this book are invited and contributed from the experts throughout the world from prominent researchers and scientists in the field of sensors and in the field of electro- and biochemistry. Each chapter provides technical and methodological details beyond the level found in typical journal articles or reviews and explores the application of chemical sensors, environmental sensors, and biosensors to a significant problem in biomedical and environmental science, also providing a prospectus for the future. This book compiles with the expert knowledge of many specialists in the construction and use of chemical sensors and biosensors including chemical sensors, biological sensors, DNA sensors, immunosensors, gaseous sensors, ionic sensors, bioassay sensors, lab-on-chips, devices, portable sensors, microchips, nanosensors, implantable microsensors, and so on in the field of fundamental and applied electrochemistry. Highlights and importance are laid on real or practical problems, ranging from chemical application to biomedical monitoring, from in vitro to in vivo, and from single cell to animal to human measurement. This offers a unique opportunity of exchanging and combining the scientist or researcher in electrochemical sensors in largely chemistry, biological engineering, electronic engineering, and biomedical and physiological fields.

Electrochemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Engineering --- Sensor Technology --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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The objective of the present book, which tries to summarize in an edited format and in a fairly comprehensive manner, many of the recent technical research accomplishments in the area of Smart Actuators and Smart Sensors, is to combine researchers and scientists from different fields into a single virtual room. The book hence reflects the multicultural nature of the field and will allow the reader to taste and appreciate different points of view, different engineering methods and different tools that must be jointly considered when designing and realizing smart actuation and sensing systems.

Technology. --- Applied science --- Arts, Useful --- Science, Applied --- Useful arts --- Science --- Industrial arts --- Material culture --- Engineering --- Sensor Technology --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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A biosensor is a detecting device that combines a transducer with a biologically sensitive and selective component. Biosensors can measure compounds present in the environment, chemical processes, food and human body at low cost if compared with traditional analytical techniques. This book covers a wide range of aspects and issues related to biosensor technology, bringing together researchers from 19 different countries. The book consists of 27 chapters written by 106 authors and divided in three sections: Biosensors Technology and Materials, Biosensors for Health and Biosensors for Environment and Biosecurity.

Biosensors. --- Biodetectors --- Biological detectors --- Biological sensors --- Biomedical detectors --- Biomedical sensors --- Detectors --- Medical instruments and apparatus --- Physiological apparatus --- Engineering --- Sensor Technology --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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Sensors are the eyes, ears, and more, of the modern engineered product or system--including the living human organism. This book offers a comprehensive review of biomedical sensors and their associated instrumentation systems now commonly used in modern medicine. Readers will find invaluable data and guidance on a wide variety of sensors used in biomedical applications, from fluid flow sensors, to ultrasound sensors, to chemical analysis sensors. New developments in biomaterials-based sensors that mimic natural biosystems will be covered as well, and the reader will find ample references throughout for further reading and research. Biomedical engineers, medical physicists, electrical engineers, and medical professionals will find state-of-the-art information on: Temperature sensors; Flow sensors for gases and liquids; Ultrasound sensors and chemical sensors for biomedical use; Sensors for both ionizing and nonionizing radiation; New developments in enzyme-based sensors, immune sensors, and microorganism-based sensors.

Biosensors. --- Biosensing Techniques. --- Biosensing Technics --- Bioprobes --- Biosensors --- Electrodes, Enzyme --- Bioprobe --- Biosensing Technic --- Biosensing Technique --- Biosensor --- Electrode, Enzyme --- Enzyme Electrode --- Enzyme Electrodes --- Technic, Biosensing --- Technics, Biosensing --- Technique, Biosensing --- Techniques, Biosensing --- Wearable Electronic Devices --- Microchemistry --- Biodetectors --- Biological detectors --- Biological sensors --- Biomedical detectors --- Biomedical sensors --- Detectors --- Medical instruments and apparatus --- Physiological apparatus --- Temperature sensor technology --- Flow sensors for liquids --- Flow sensors for respiratory gases --- Biomedical sensors of ionizing radiation --- Nonionizing electromagnetic radiation --- Sensors for radiometric and photometric measurements --- Medical ultrasound sensors --- Chemical sensors for biomedical applications --- Sensors for medical thermography and infrared radiation measurements

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The combination of physical sensors and computational models to provide additional information about system states, inputs and/or parameters, in what is known as virtual sensing, is becoming increasingly popular in many sectors, such as the automotive, aeronautics, aerospatial, railway, machinery, robotics and human biomechanics sectors. While, in many cases, control-oriented models, which are generally simple, are the best choice, multibody models, which can be much more detailed, may be better suited to some applications, such as during the design stage of a new product.

Kalman filter --- motion capture --- gait analysis --- inertial sensor --- rail vehicles --- track irregularities --- multibody dynamics --- inertial sensors --- computer vision --- singular configuration --- parallel robot --- motion control --- 3D tracking --- screw theory --- Kalman filtering --- coupled states-inputs estimation --- virtual sensors --- slider-crank mechanism --- virtual sensoring --- physical sensors --- smart/intelligent sensors --- sensor technology and applications --- sensing principles --- signal processing in sensor systems --- symbolic generation --- real-time computation --- human-in-the-loop --- haptic devices --- parameter estimation --- curve fitting method --- hydraulic system --- predictive maintenance --- characteristic curve --- product life cycle --- digital twin --- adaptive Kalman filter --- nonlinear models --- virtual sensing --- multibody based observers --- vehicle dynamics estimation --- sideslip angle estimation --- factor graph --- graphical models --- movable repetitive lander --- fault-tolerant soft-landing --- landing configuration --- stability optimization --- n/a