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Capital punishment has been carried out in Japan since ancient times. Although ancient Japan uniquely suspended executions for several centuries towards the end of the first millennium, today the death penalty is firmly established in Japan. This volume explores the current state of capital punishment, the domestic discussion on the subject, and the influence of the political orientations of the governments of recent years. The treatise is of current interest especially because of the Aum cult, whose leader Shoko Asahara is at present tried in Tokyo. If found guilty, he may be sentenced to death. After a three years' interval (between 1989 and 1993), Japan is nowadays undergoing a capital punishment "renaissance" with 39 executions between 1993 and 2000.
Capital punishment --- Public opinion --- History --- Death penalty
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Das Strafbefehlsverfahren ist trotz der Kürze und des Ausnahmecharakters seiner Regelungen in der Praxis von enormer Wichtigkeit. Die den Anklageprozess kennzeichnenden Grundsätze der Mündlichkeit, der Öffentlichkeit und der Gewährung rechtlichen Gehörs sind hier nicht bzw. nur unzulänglich umgesetzt. Wie kam es dazu, dass das Strafbefehlsverfahren trotz der Einführung eines reformierten, auf diesen Grundsätzen beruhenden Strafverfahrens Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts nicht nur Einzug in die deutsche Strafprozessordnung fand, sondern seit dem ständig ausgeweitet wird? Die Arbeit zeigt auf, dass das Strafbefehlsverfahren als ein Kind der Praxis aus einem Kompetenzkonflikt zwischen Polizei und Justiz hervorging, sich dann als integraler Bestandteil des Verfahrensrechts etablierte und schließlich zu einem unverzichtbaren Bestandteil der Strafprozessordnung wurde. Es wird die Entwicklung des Verfahrens beginnend mit dem in Berlin bekannten polizeirechtlichem Mandatsverfahren zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts und endend in den heutigen Tagen dargestellt und bewertet. Die Beweggründe und Argumentationslinien sowohl der am Gesetzgebungsverfahren Beteiligten als auch die der Praxis und der rechtswissenschaftlichen Literatur werden dazu unter - zum Großteil erstmaliger - Auswertung umfassenden Quellenmaterials aufgezeigt.
Criminal procedure --- Criminal law --- History. --- Penalty Order, Criminal Proceeding.
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Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- France --- Capital punishment --- Peine de mort --- Peine --- --Peine de mort --- --343.9 --- #GROL:SEMI-343.9 --- 343.25 --- Désherbage --- Criminologie --(algemeen) --- Deselectie --- Death penalty --- 343.9 --- 343.9 Criminologie --(algemeen) --- Death penalty. --- --Death penalty.
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"The purpose of this study was to examine the self-talk of elite triathletes during acompetition. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate possible differences in content and frequencyin self-talk during a triathlon competition among elite and club triathletes. Participantswere ten members of the Norwegian triathlon national team as well as ten triathletescompeting at Norwegian club level. The competition consisted of an indoor sprint-distance triathlon (a 750 m pool swim leg, a 20 km ergometer cycling leg, and a 5 km treadmill run leg).Self-talk content and frequency were measured using a Norwegian version of the AutomaticSelf-Talk Questionnaire for Sports (ASTQS). Overall, results showed that all athletes reportedmore positive than negative self-talk during competition. Moreover, elite athletes reportedmore confidence-inducing self-talk compared to the club level athletes during the swim. Thefindings also indicated that elite athletes were more able than club athletes to maintain higherlevels of positive self-talk during the latter stages of the competition (5 km run). This tendencywas reversed regarding negative self-talk. Elite athletes reported less negative self-talk comparedto club level athletes towards the end of the competition."
Psychology --- soccer referee --- penalty kick --- expert panel --- incorrect refereeing --- fotballdommer --- straffespark --- ekspertpanel --- feildømming --- soccer referee --- penalty kick --- expert panel --- incorrect refereeing --- fotballdommer --- straffespark --- ekspertpanel --- feildømming
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Capital punishment --- Abolition of capital punishment --- Death penalty --- Death sentence --- Criminal law --- Punishment --- Executions and executioners
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Capital punishment --- Abolition of capital punishment --- Death penalty --- Death sentence --- Criminal law --- Punishment --- Executions and executioners
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This volume assesses the global status of capital punishment at the start of the new millennium. It explores the changes that have taken place.
Capital punishment. --- Abolition of capital punishment --- Death penalty --- Death sentence --- Criminal law --- Punishment --- Executions and executioners
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Part I: Issues and Methods. 1. Asia and the Future of Capital Punishment. 2. Varieties of Capital Punishment in Contemporary Part II: National Profiles. 3. Development without Abolition: Japan in the 21st Century. 4. A Lesson Learned: Capital Punishment in the Philippines. 5. The Vanguard: The Death Penalty and Political Change in South Korea. 6. The Other China: Capital Punishment in Taiwan. 7. The Political Origins of Chinese Death Penalty Exceptionalism. Part III: Lessons and Prospects. 8. Lessons from Asia. 9. The Pace of Change in Asia. Appendix A: Capital Punishment in the Hermit Kingdom
Capital punishment --- Abolition of capital punishment --- Death penalty --- Death sentence --- Criminal law --- Punishment --- Executions and executioners
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This work introduces a family of effective plate theories for multilayered materials with internal misfit. This is done for scaling laws ranging from Kirchhoff's theory to the linearised von Kármán one. An intermediate von Kármán-like theory is introduced to play a central interpolating role with a new parameter which switches between the adjacent regimes. After proving the necessary Gamma-convergence and compactness results, minimising configurations are characterised. Finally, the interpolating theory is numerically approximated using a discrete gradient flow and the relevant Gamma-convergence and compactness results for the discretisation are proved. This provides empirical evidence for the existence of a critical region of the parameter around which minimisers experience a stark qualitative change.
Mathematics. --- Math --- Science --- elastic plates --- effective model hierarchy --- gamma convergence --- non-conforming penalty method --- Kirchhoff
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Collecting work by several notable scholars, this book explains why the US still clings to capital punishment long after other democratic nations have abandoned it. It also exhibits a new way of thinking about state killing that goes beyond abstract moral argument and narrow policy debate to assess its impact on our legal system, its powerful symbolic appeal, and its place in today's ""culture wars.""
Capital punishment --- Abolition of capital punishment --- Death penalty --- Death sentence --- Criminal law --- Punishment --- Executions and executioners
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