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This timely collection of expert papers draws attention to the global burden of meningitis and the challenges faced by the WHO’s roadmap to defeat meningitis by 2030. The three main goals of the meningitis roadmap are to eliminate epidemics of bacterial meningitis, reduce cases and deaths from vaccine-preventable bacterial meningitis, and reduce disability and improve quality of life after meningitis of any cause. This book includes a wide range of original research and reviews on epidemiology and vaccination of bacterial meningitis that have direct relevance to advancing the goals of the roadmap.

meningitis --- child mortality --- neonatal sepsis --- global health --- global health estimates --- modelling --- Streptococcus pneumoniae --- Haemophilus influenzae --- Neisseria meningitidis --- bacterial meningitis --- S. pneumoniae --- N. meningitidis --- H. influenzae --- S. agalactiae --- conjugate vaccines --- post-vaccine surveillance --- vaccine --- Africa --- mathematical modelling --- susceptibility --- invasive bacterial infections --- complement --- genetic factors --- Streptococcus agalactiae --- group B streptococci --- capsule --- meningococcal group --- nongroupable --- meningococcal carriage --- invasive meningococcal disease --- meningococcal urethritis --- neonatal infections --- epidemiology --- antibiotic resistance --- etiologic diagnosis --- enterovirus --- group B Streptococcus --- neurological sequelae --- hearing loss --- seizure --- epilepsy --- hydrocephalus --- focal neurological deficit --- corticosteroid --- dexamethasone --- invasive pneumococcal disease --- pneumococcal conjugate vaccines --- serotypes --- vaccine impact --- pneumococcal meningitis --- serotype distribution --- PCV impact --- global --- meta-analysis --- surveillance --- meningococcus --- pneumococcus --- Hib --- group B streptococcus --- conjugate vaccine --- rapid diagnostic test --- national reference laboratory --- cerebrospinal fluid --- Niger --- Burkina Faso --- tuberculosis --- tuberculous meningitis --- TBM --- children --- impact of Hib conjugate vaccine --- Hia --- NTHi --- burden --- social and economic costs --- WHO meningitis roadmap --- disability --- n/a

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A virus (from the Latin word ‘v?rus’ meaning ‘venom’ or ‘poison’) is a microorganism invisible to the naked eye. Viruses can multiply exclusively by entering a cell and using the cell’s resources to create copies of themselves. As the origin of their name suggests, viruses are generally considered dangerous, harmful and often deadly. Some of the most well-studied and widely known viruses, such as HIV and influenza, infect humans. However, viruses can also infect animals, plants and microorganisms, including fungi. Many fungi are medically, ecologically and economically significant, for example, causing diseases to humans, plants and insects or being used in industry to produce bread, cheese, beer and wine. Viruses that infect fungi are called mycoviruses (from the Greek work ‘myco’, meaning ‘fungus’). Mycoviruses do not cause harm to or kill the infected fungus; in contrast, they are ‘friendly’ viruses and we can utilize them to control the growth, pathogenicity and toxin production of fungi. This book describes a range of different mycoviruses and their geographical distribution, transmission and evolution, together with their effects on the fungal hosts and how these are brought about.

n/a --- recombination --- Brunchorstia pinea --- fungal viruses --- virus evolution --- isogenic --- fusarivirus --- Castanea sativa --- sequencing --- PsV-F --- conidiogenesis --- Narnaviridae --- Prunus --- virus discovery --- dicer --- totivirus --- killer toxin --- Saccharomyces paradoxus --- Aspergillus fumigatus tetramycovirus-1. --- Fusarium head blight --- dsRNA --- hypovirus --- killer system --- victorivirus --- Leptosphaeria biglobosa quadrivirus --- Entomophthora --- biological control --- RNA genome --- stone fruit --- hypervirulence --- Aspergillus fumigatus chrysovirus --- phylogeny --- A. fumigatus --- Mymonaviridae --- endornavirus --- mycovirus --- Aspergillus --- double-stranded RNA virus --- gemycircularvirus --- Alphapartitivirus --- Partitivirus --- capsid structure --- RnQV1 --- dsRNA virus --- RNA silencing --- capsid protein --- Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA --- multiplex PCR --- A. nidulans --- conifers --- Entomophthoromycotina --- Magnaporthe oryzae. chrysovirus 1 --- sclerogenesis --- Mitovirus --- chrysovirus --- A. niger --- selection pressure --- viral lineage --- A. thermomutatus --- transmission --- Tymovirales --- brown rot --- PcV --- Botrytis cinerea mymonavirus 1 --- Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus --- mitovirus --- populations study --- ssRNA --- mitochondrion --- partitivirus --- rice blast fungus --- database mining --- fungal virus --- horizontal virus transmission --- antiviral --- Aspergillus fumigatus partitivirus-1 --- hypovirulence --- Ethiopia --- chestnut blight --- Trichoderma atroviride --- Botrytis cinerea --- Cryphonectria parasitica --- Totiviridae --- small RNA --- infection cushion --- ash dieback --- Beauveria bassiana --- Rhizophagus --- Sclerotinia minor --- polymycovirus --- biocontrol --- genomic structure analysis --- Mycovirus --- dsRNA mycoviruses --- mycorrhizal fungi --- evolution --- invasive species --- transmissibility --- Chalara fraxinea --- tRFs --- ScV-L-A