Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Natural antibodies (NAbs) are found in normal individuals in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation. Natural antibodies rapidly recognize and protect against pathogens that have not been previously encountered. NAbs also cross-react with several self-antigens, which, besides their role as a first line of defense against pathogens, affords them the ability to perform important housekeeping functions in healthy organisms. Such housekeeping functions include the clearance of oxidized damaged structures and/or apoptotic cells, which prevents the induction of pro-inflammatory effects. In addition, NAbs play a role in preventing the expansion of specific auto-reactive clones, thereby behaving as regulatory elements in acute or chronic inflammation. To maintain the non-pathogenic balance between the dual pathogen/self-antigen cross-reactivities of NAbs, a strict regulation in NAb secretion and function is necessary to avoid autoimmune disease. Actually, some of the NAbs related auto-reactivities, such as anti-DNA and anti-MOG, have been associated with autoimmunity. Furthermore, NAbs have been shown to bind to ‘neo-self’ carbohydrate antigens on glycolipids and glycoproteins found on malignant but not normal cells, which suggests NAbs may take part in tumor immunosurveillance. Many aspects regarding NAbs have yet to be studied in more detail: the reactivity and function of NAbs in health and disease, the behavior of the NAb repertoire with increasing age, the regulation of natural antibody production and auto-reactivity, the ways to specifically activate NAbs producing cells with desired specificities, the characteristics of human NAbs, among others. This special topics eBook consists of a number of articles exploring the cells that produce NAbs as well as the characteristics, function, specificity, and/or the role of natural antibodies in health and disease.

innate immunity --- immunoglobulin --- Antibodies --- B cells --- IgM --- natural antibodies --- B-1 cells --- innate immunity --- immunoglobulin --- Antibodies --- B cells --- IgM --- natural antibodies --- B-1 cells

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Natural antibodies (NAbs) are found in normal individuals in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation. Natural antibodies rapidly recognize and protect against pathogens that have not been previously encountered. NAbs also cross-react with several self-antigens, which, besides their role as a first line of defense against pathogens, affords them the ability to perform important housekeeping functions in healthy organisms. Such housekeeping functions include the clearance of oxidized damaged structures and/or apoptotic cells, which prevents the induction of pro-inflammatory effects. In addition, NAbs play a role in preventing the expansion of specific auto-reactive clones, thereby behaving as regulatory elements in acute or chronic inflammation. To maintain the non-pathogenic balance between the dual pathogen/self-antigen cross-reactivities of NAbs, a strict regulation in NAb secretion and function is necessary to avoid autoimmune disease. Actually, some of the NAbs related auto-reactivities, such as anti-DNA and anti-MOG, have been associated with autoimmunity. Furthermore, NAbs have been shown to bind to ‘neo-self’ carbohydrate antigens on glycolipids and glycoproteins found on malignant but not normal cells, which suggests NAbs may take part in tumor immunosurveillance. Many aspects regarding NAbs have yet to be studied in more detail: the reactivity and function of NAbs in health and disease, the behavior of the NAb repertoire with increasing age, the regulation of natural antibody production and auto-reactivity, the ways to specifically activate NAbs producing cells with desired specificities, the characteristics of human NAbs, among others. This special topics eBook consists of a number of articles exploring the cells that produce NAbs as well as the characteristics, function, specificity, and/or the role of natural antibodies in health and disease.

innate immunity --- immunoglobulin --- Antibodies --- B cells --- IgM --- natural antibodies --- B-1 cells

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Union of Parts examines one of the central puzzles in the economic and political successes of West Germany (FRG). In the decades between world war and reunification with the East, the FRG provided a model for combining high rates of unionization and substantial labor peace-indeed, for collaboration between organized labor and organized capital as both groups faced the dislocations involved in adjusting to a changing global marketplace.

Collective bargaining --- Works councils --- Industrial relations --- Labor unions --- Labor policy --- Labor --- State and labor --- Economic policy --- Government policy --- Industriegewerkschaft Metall für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. --- Industriegewerkschaft Metall für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- I.G.M. --- I.G. Metall für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- IG Metall für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- IG-Metall (Germany) --- IGM --- Industriegewerkschaft Metall --- Industriegewerkschaft Metall (Germany) --- Deutscher Metallarbeiter-Verband

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book focuses on fundamental and applied research on humoral immune responses to viral infections in humans. The comprehensive study of antibody response is critical for the development of diagnostic tools, vaccines, and immunotherapeutics against life-threatening viral infections. Special attention is given to serological surveillance and characterization of virus-neutralizing antibodies.

Medicine --- highly pathogenic avian influenza virus --- H5N6 (clade 2.3.4.4) --- human sera --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- full proteome --- peptide microarrays --- glycan microarrays --- seroprevalence --- ELISA --- neutralization assay --- viral persistence --- serum antibody --- neutralization efficacy --- cytokine profile --- neutralising antibodies --- filoviruses --- ebolavirus --- post-vaccination --- post-infection --- monoclonal antibodies --- longitudinal antibody response --- antibody specificity --- recombinant proteins --- virus neutralization --- coronavirus disease 2019 --- Guangdong --- China --- antibody --- varicella–zoster virus (VZV) --- chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) --- IgA --- IgG --- IgM --- diagnostic test --- antibody therapeutic --- cryo-EM --- filovirus --- marburgvirus --- structural biology --- X-ray crystallography --- n/a --- varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book focuses on fundamental and applied research on humoral immune responses to viral infections in humans. The comprehensive study of antibody response is critical for the development of diagnostic tools, vaccines, and immunotherapeutics against life-threatening viral infections. Special attention is given to serological surveillance and characterization of virus-neutralizing antibodies.

Medicine --- highly pathogenic avian influenza virus --- H5N6 (clade 2.3.4.4) --- human sera --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- full proteome --- peptide microarrays --- glycan microarrays --- seroprevalence --- ELISA --- neutralization assay --- viral persistence --- serum antibody --- neutralization efficacy --- cytokine profile --- neutralising antibodies --- filoviruses --- ebolavirus --- post-vaccination --- post-infection --- monoclonal antibodies --- longitudinal antibody response --- antibody specificity --- recombinant proteins --- virus neutralization --- coronavirus disease 2019 --- Guangdong --- China --- antibody --- varicella-zoster virus (VZV) --- chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) --- IgA --- IgG --- IgM --- diagnostic test --- antibody therapeutic --- cryo-EM --- filovirus --- marburgvirus --- structural biology --- X-ray crystallography --- highly pathogenic avian influenza virus --- H5N6 (clade 2.3.4.4) --- human sera --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- full proteome --- peptide microarrays --- glycan microarrays --- seroprevalence --- ELISA --- neutralization assay --- viral persistence --- serum antibody --- neutralization efficacy --- cytokine profile --- neutralising antibodies --- filoviruses --- ebolavirus --- post-vaccination --- post-infection --- monoclonal antibodies --- longitudinal antibody response --- antibody specificity --- recombinant proteins --- virus neutralization --- coronavirus disease 2019 --- Guangdong --- China --- antibody --- varicella-zoster virus (VZV) --- chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) --- IgA --- IgG --- IgM --- diagnostic test --- antibody therapeutic --- cryo-EM --- filovirus --- marburgvirus --- structural biology --- X-ray crystallography