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Flood/drought, risk management, and policy: decision-making under uncertainty. Hydrometeorological extremes and their impact on human–environment systems. Regional and nonstationary frequency analysis of extreme events. Detection and prediction of hydrometeorological extremes with observational and model-based approaches. Vulnerability and impact assessment for adaptation to climate change.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- spatial downscaling --- MODIS chlorophyll-a --- sentinel-2A MSI --- multiple polynomial regression --- genetic programming --- rainfall variability --- Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) --- El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) --- intentional statistical simulation --- satellite-based precipitation --- hydrological modeling --- error propagation --- monsoon-climate watershed --- typhoon-induced rainfall --- prediction --- statistical model --- fuzzy C-means clustering --- China --- remote sensing --- integrated drought monitoring --- meteorological drought --- hydrological drought --- agricultural drought --- Bayesian principal component analysis (BPCA) --- statistical simulation --- extreme precipitation index --- PERSIANN-CDR --- KGE --- linear trend --- Huai River Basin --- Indian Ocean Dipole mode --- El Niño–Southern Oscillation --- singular spectrum analysis --- mutual information --- non-stationarity of seasonal precipitation

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Flood/drought, risk management, and policy: decision-making under uncertainty. Hydrometeorological extremes and their impact on human–environment systems. Regional and nonstationary frequency analysis of extreme events. Detection and prediction of hydrometeorological extremes with observational and model-based approaches. Vulnerability and impact assessment for adaptation to climate change.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- spatial downscaling --- MODIS chlorophyll-a --- sentinel-2A MSI --- multiple polynomial regression --- genetic programming --- rainfall variability --- Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) --- El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) --- intentional statistical simulation --- satellite-based precipitation --- hydrological modeling --- error propagation --- monsoon-climate watershed --- typhoon-induced rainfall --- prediction --- statistical model --- fuzzy C-means clustering --- China --- remote sensing --- integrated drought monitoring --- meteorological drought --- hydrological drought --- agricultural drought --- Bayesian principal component analysis (BPCA) --- statistical simulation --- extreme precipitation index --- PERSIANN-CDR --- KGE --- linear trend --- Huai River Basin --- Indian Ocean Dipole mode --- El Niño–Southern Oscillation --- singular spectrum analysis --- mutual information --- non-stationarity of seasonal precipitation --- spatial downscaling --- MODIS chlorophyll-a --- sentinel-2A MSI --- multiple polynomial regression --- genetic programming --- rainfall variability --- Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) --- El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) --- intentional statistical simulation --- satellite-based precipitation --- hydrological modeling --- error propagation --- monsoon-climate watershed --- typhoon-induced rainfall --- prediction --- statistical model --- fuzzy C-means clustering --- China --- remote sensing --- integrated drought monitoring --- meteorological drought --- hydrological drought --- agricultural drought --- Bayesian principal component analysis (BPCA) --- statistical simulation --- extreme precipitation index --- PERSIANN-CDR --- KGE --- linear trend --- Huai River Basin --- Indian Ocean Dipole mode --- El Niño–Southern Oscillation --- singular spectrum analysis --- mutual information --- non-stationarity of seasonal precipitation

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Climate change poses a serious challenge to our health and wellbeing. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves, and the direct impacts of changes in temperature have direct impacts on health. At the same time, broader environmental change affects infectious disease risk, air pollution, and other forms of exposure. The different ways in which climate change will affect health are complex, interactive, and different communities are disproportionately affected. International actions such as the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals recognise the future risks to society and acknowledge that we are already committed to a certain level of climate change. Future adaptation measures therefore need careful assessment and implementation for us to be able to minimise the potential risks from climate change and, at the same time, maximise the potential health benefits of a cleaner, greener world. This Special Issue comprises original research articles and detailed reviews on the likely impacts of climate change on health in a range of geographical settings, and the potential for adaptation measures to reduce some of these risks. Ultimately, studies like these will motivate policy level action for mitigation and help in determining the most effective methods of adaptation to reduce negative impacts in future through embedding scientific evidence into practice.

heat-waves --- heat-related mortality --- 2003 --- 2015 --- climate change --- Germany --- air temperature --- hot days --- heat waves --- city --- urban area types --- Poznań --- Poland --- ambulance 999 calls --- extreme weather --- resource planning --- London --- UK --- heat --- mortality --- adaptation --- dwellings --- indoor temperature --- cold days --- cold waves --- health systems --- climate adaptation --- health infrastructure --- rescue services --- Northern Europe --- disaster risk reduction --- Sendai Framework --- demographic change --- infectious diseases --- vector-borne diseases --- aerosolized exposures --- pollen --- well-being --- public health --- land management --- patient and public involvement (PPI) --- land-use --- El Niño Southern Oscillation --- ENSO --- health --- climatic variability --- climate-sensitive disease --- workplace --- heat stress --- productivity loss --- beta distribution --- North Atlantic Oscillation --- weather --- emergency ambulance calls --- exacerbation of essential hypertension --- urban heat island --- urban planning --- heat resilience --- climate scenarios --- waterborne disease --- natural environment --- risks --- cryptosporidiosis --- cholera --- leptospirosis --- Legionnaires’ disease --- trends over time --- n/a --- Poznań --- El Niño Southern Oscillation --- Legionnaires' disease

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Several species of Dinophysis produce one or two groups of lipophilic toxins: okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives; or the dinophysistoxins (DTXs) (also known as diarrhetic shellfish poisons or DSP toxins) and pectenotoxins (PTXs). DSP toxins are potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases, causing gastrointestinal intoxication in consumers of contaminated seafood. Forty years after the identification of Dinophysis as the causative agent of DSP in Japan, contamination of filter feeding shellfish exposed to Dinophysis blooms is recognized as a problem worldwide. DSP events affect public health and cause considerable losses to the shellfish industry. Costly monitoring programs are implemented in regions with relevant shellfish production to prevent these socioeconomic impacts. Harvest closures are enforced whenever toxin levels exceed regulatory limits (RLs). Dinophysis species are kleptoplastidic dinoflagellates; they feed on ciliates (Mesodinium genus) that have previously acquired plastids from cryptophycean (genera Teleaulax, Plagioselmis, and Geminigera) nanoflagellates. The interactions of Dinophysis with different prey regulate their growth and toxin production. When Dinophysis cells are ingested by shellfish, their toxins are partially biotransformed and bioaccumulated, rendering the shellfish unsuitable for human consumption. DSP toxins may also affect shellfish metabolism. This book covers diverse aspects of the abovementioned topics—from the laboratory culture of Dinophysis and the kinetics of uptake, transformation, and depuration of DSP toxins in shellfish to Dinophysis population dynamics, the monitoring and regulation of DSP toxins, and their impact on the shellfish industry in some of the aquaculture regions that are traditionally most affected, namely, northeastern Japan, western Europe, southern Chile, and New Zealand.

WitOMI analysis --- n/a --- DST accumulation --- mussel --- dinophysistoxins --- depuration --- human health --- pectenotoxins (PTXs) --- cryptophytes --- Mesodinium --- dinophysis --- compartmentalization --- resistance --- Japanese scallop --- surf clam --- HAB monitoring --- toxins --- organic matter --- OMI analysis --- PTXs --- time-series --- Diarrhetic shellfish toxins --- predator-prey preferences --- immunity --- okadaic acid --- physical–biological interactions --- defense --- digestion --- Dinophysis --- harmful algal blooms --- pectenotoxin --- El Niño Southern Oscillation --- lysate --- suspended particulate matter (SPM) --- D. caudata --- mixotrophic cultures --- Mytilus galloprovincialis --- bivalves --- diarrhetic shellfish poisoning --- biotransformation --- Mesodinium cf. rubrum --- RNA-Seq --- DST esterification --- Mesodinium rubrum --- statistical analysis --- seasonality --- mass culture conditions --- D. acuminata-complex --- Argopecten purpuratus --- harmful algal bloom --- pipis (Plebidonax deltoides) --- DTX-2 --- Reloncaví Fjord --- pectenotoxins --- deep sequencing --- climatic anomaly --- Brazil --- qPCR --- high throughput sequencing --- DSP --- accumulation --- LC/MS/MS --- Protoceratium reticulatum --- shellfish toxicity --- transcriptomic response --- New Zealand --- blooms --- trophic transfer --- metabolism --- bacterial community --- kinetics --- marine biotoxins --- diarrhetic shellfish toxins --- bivalve shellfish --- Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DST) --- diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DST) --- Scotland --- Dinophysis acuminata --- DSP toxins --- toxin accumulation --- Southern Annual Mode --- Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning --- Dinophysis toxins --- OA --- marine toxins --- toxin vectors --- wild harvest --- Dinophysis acuta --- Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) --- Argopecten irradians --- dinophysistoxin --- Port Underwood --- aquaculture --- niche partitioning --- Dinoflagellates. --- Dinoflagellata --- Dinoflagellida --- Dinophyceae --- Dinophyta --- Pyrrophycophyta --- Pyrrophyta --- Phytoflagellates --- physical-biological interactions --- El Niño Southern Oscillation --- Reloncaví Fjord

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River catchments and reservoirs play a central role in water security, food supply, flood risk management, hydropower generation, and ecosystem services; however, they are now under increasing pressure from population growth, economic activities, and changing climate means and extremes in many parts of the world. Adaptive management of river catchments and reservoirs requires an in-depth understanding of the impacts of future uncertainties and thus the development of robust, sustainable solutions to meet the needs of various stakeholders and the environment. To tackle the huge challenges in moving towards adaptive catchment management, this book presents the latest developments in cutting-edge knowledge, novel methodologies, innovative management strategies, and case studies, focusing on the following themes: reservoir dynamics and impact analysis of dam construction, optimal reservoir operation, climate change impacts on hydrological processes and water management, and integrated catchment management.

downscaling --- suspended sediment concentration --- modeling --- South-to-North Water Transfer Project --- sensitivity analysis --- simulation --- protection zone --- reservoirs --- mussel --- sediment regime --- resilience and robustness --- optimal flood control operation --- multi-objective model --- optimization --- scenario analysis --- floodplain vertical shape index --- aftereffect --- lentic habitats --- energy --- stochastic linear programming --- ?-constrained method --- Tekeze basin --- runoff --- cascade reservoirs --- costs and benefits --- sediment flushing efficiency --- vulnerability --- Heihe River Basin --- TB-MPC --- heating impact --- flushing efficiency --- system dynamics --- Indian Monsoon --- shaft spillway pipe --- integrated supply system modeling --- seasonal rainfall --- sediment management --- design and operation of the multipurpose reservoir --- Kappa distribution --- CO2 --- reliability --- uncertainty --- Yangtze River --- Markov chain --- the Yangtze River --- Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model --- land and water resources --- integrated surface water-groundwater model --- Heilongjiang --- Kurobe River --- flow regime --- numerical simulation --- long distance water diversion --- tropical reservoir --- multi-stage stochastic optimization --- direct policy search --- inverted siphon --- environmental flow --- parameterization --- accompanying progressive optimality algorithm --- integrated management --- hydropower stations --- differential evolution algorithm --- sediment flushing of empty storage --- back propagation neural network --- NSGA-II --- two-dimensional bed evolution model --- real-time control --- upper Chao Phraya River Basin --- CMIP5 --- genetic algorithm --- dam --- irrigation --- CMIP3 --- water energy --- discharge --- the Jingjiang River Reach --- water environmental capacity (WEC) --- climate change --- shortage ratio: Vulnerability --- optimal scheduling --- hydrology --- Siemianówka --- ungauged basin --- game theory --- power function --- SWAT --- Dokan Dam --- natural flow regime --- bitterling --- reservoir flushing --- vertical profiles of concentration --- ratio curve --- partial gauged basin --- sediment load --- adaptive management --- water deficit --- the upper Yangtze River Basin --- Miyun Reservoir --- parameter relation --- stochastic dynamic programming --- NPP --- runoff response --- Narew River --- coupling model --- Langcang-Mekong River --- drinking water resources --- the Huangshi Reservoir --- reverse regulation --- nutrient uptake --- water resources allocation --- multi-agent of river basin --- HEC-ResPRM --- dynamic programming with progressive optimality algorithm (DP-POA) --- reservoir operation --- sea surface temperatures --- reservoir simulation model --- SWAT model --- El Niño/Southern Oscillation --- CORDEX-Africa --- hedging policy --- multi-objective optimization NSGA II --- reservoir --- general regression neural network --- flood control --- Jingjiang River Reach --- catchment modelling