Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Neurosciences --- neurodegenerative disease --- molecular biology --- stroke --- middle cerebral artery and common carotid artery occlusion --- cerebrovascular disease --- therapeutics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In the past several years, the otorhinolaryngology sector has had a significantimpact on social life. About 10% of the cancers that affect the populationannually concern the head and neck, and each year the guidelines evolve andchange.Emergencies of the otolaryngology sector are among the most common, withnumerous increases in hospitalizations in the ENT department (e.g., bleeding,abscesses, and dyspnoea). Interventions in the election can significantly improvepatients' quality of life and help avoid future complications.Given the importance of the medical and surgical branch of otorhinolaryngology,we want to underline the impact in social life of this important area.

Medicine --- anemia --- hearing loss --- auditory threshold shifts --- pure tone average --- pneumoparotid --- pneumoparotitis --- parotitis --- Stensen’s duct --- head and neck --- endomeatal approach --- cochlear implant --- posterior tympanotomy --- tinnitus --- without mastoidectomy --- quality of life assessment --- tracheoesophageal speech --- tracheo-esophageal puncture --- OSA --- pharyngoplasty --- sleep surgery --- pharynx --- dextromethorphan --- noise --- cochlea --- synapse --- eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) --- chronic nasal obstruction --- turbinate hypertrophy --- ETDQ-7 --- susac syndrome --- multimodal imaging --- optical coherence tomography angiography --- retinal branch artery occlusion --- fluorescein angiography --- otitis media with effusion --- child --- biofilms --- ameloblastoma --- ameloblastic carcinoma --- nestin --- CD138 --- syndecan-1 --- alpha-SMA --- stemness markers --- total thyroidectomy --- recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis --- Voice Handicap Index --- speech range profile --- acute acoustic trauma --- noise induced hearing loss --- hyperbaric oxygen therapy --- Ménière’s disease --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- risk factors --- case–control studies --- cohort studies

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In the past several years, the otorhinolaryngology sector has had a significantimpact on social life. About 10% of the cancers that affect the populationannually concern the head and neck, and each year the guidelines evolve andchange.Emergencies of the otolaryngology sector are among the most common, withnumerous increases in hospitalizations in the ENT department (e.g., bleeding,abscesses, and dyspnoea). Interventions in the election can significantly improvepatients' quality of life and help avoid future complications.Given the importance of the medical and surgical branch of otorhinolaryngology,we want to underline the impact in social life of this important area.

anemia --- hearing loss --- auditory threshold shifts --- pure tone average --- pneumoparotid --- pneumoparotitis --- parotitis --- Stensen’s duct --- head and neck --- endomeatal approach --- cochlear implant --- posterior tympanotomy --- tinnitus --- without mastoidectomy --- quality of life assessment --- tracheoesophageal speech --- tracheo-esophageal puncture --- OSA --- pharyngoplasty --- sleep surgery --- pharynx --- dextromethorphan --- noise --- cochlea --- synapse --- eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) --- chronic nasal obstruction --- turbinate hypertrophy --- ETDQ-7 --- susac syndrome --- multimodal imaging --- optical coherence tomography angiography --- retinal branch artery occlusion --- fluorescein angiography --- otitis media with effusion --- child --- biofilms --- ameloblastoma --- ameloblastic carcinoma --- nestin --- CD138 --- syndecan-1 --- alpha-SMA --- stemness markers --- total thyroidectomy --- recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis --- Voice Handicap Index --- speech range profile --- acute acoustic trauma --- noise induced hearing loss --- hyperbaric oxygen therapy --- Ménière’s disease --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- risk factors --- case–control studies --- cohort studies

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This edited book contains twelve studies, large and pilots, in five main categories: (i) adaptive imputation to increase the density of clinical data for improving downstream modeling; (ii) machine-learning-empowered diagnosis models; (iii) machine learning models for outcome prediction; (iv) innovative use of AI to improve our understanding of the public view; and (v) understanding of the attitude of providers in trusting insights from AI for complex cases. This collection is an excellent example of how technology can add value in healthcare settings and hints at some of the pressing challenges in the field. Artificial intelligence is gradually becoming a go-to technology in clinical care; therefore, it is important to work collaboratively and to shift from performance-driven outcomes to risk-sensitive model optimization, improved transparency, and better patient representation, to ensure more equitable healthcare for all.

Medicine --- machine learning-enabled decision support system --- improving diagnosis accuracy --- Bayesian network --- bariatric surgery --- health-related quality of life --- comorbidity --- voice change --- larynx cancer --- machine learning --- deep learning --- voice pathology classification --- imputation --- electronic health records --- EHR --- laboratory measures --- medical informatics --- inflammatory bowel disease --- C. difficile infection --- osteoarthritis --- complex diseases --- healthcare --- artificial intelligence --- interpretable machine learning --- explainable machine learning --- septic shock --- clinical decision support system --- electronic health record --- cerebrovascular disorders --- stroke --- SARS-CoV-2 --- COVID-19 --- cluster analysis --- risk factors --- ischemic stroke --- outcome prediction --- recurrent stroke --- cardiac ultrasound --- echocardiography --- portable ultrasound --- aneurysm surgery --- temporary artery occlusion --- clipping time --- artificial neural network --- digital imaging --- monocytes --- promonocytes and monoblasts --- chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for acute monoblastic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia --- concordance between hematopathologists --- mechanical ventilation --- respiratory failure --- ADHD --- social media --- Twitter --- pharmacotherapy --- stimulants --- alpha-2-adrenergic agonists --- non-stimulants --- trust --- passive adherence --- human factors

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Mounting evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between metabolism and inflammation. Molecular crosstalk between these processes occurs at different levels with the participation of nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). There are three PPAR isotypes, α, β/δ, and γ, which modulate metabolic and inflammatory pathways, making them key for the control of cellular, organ, and systemic processes. PPAR activity is governed by fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives, and by drugs used in clinics (glitazones and fibrates). The study of PPAR action, also modulated by post-translational modifications, has enabled extraordinary advances in the understanding of the multifaceted roles of these receptors in metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammation both in health and disease. This Special Issue of IJMS includes a broad range of basic and translational article, both original research and reviews, focused on the latest developments in the regulation of metabolic and/or inflammatory processes by PPARs in all organs and the microbiomes of different vertebrate species.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Biochemistry --- nuclear receptor --- gene transcription --- inflammation --- molecular docking --- PPARβ/δ --- lung --- pulmonary artery --- GW0742 --- GSK3787 --- docking --- lipopolysaccharide (LPS) --- PPARγ ligand --- coumarin --- fluorescent ligand --- screening --- crystal structure --- PPAR --- atopic dermatitis --- psoriasis --- metabolic reprograming --- glucose --- fatty acids --- mycobacteria --- M. tuberculosis --- M. leprae --- PPARs --- lipid droplets --- metabolic alterations --- hepatic damage --- nuclear factors --- pharmacological targets --- AMPK --- GDF15 --- insulin resistance --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) --- real-time PCR --- ELISA --- immunohistochemistry --- signaling pathway --- PPAR gamma --- brain --- neural stem cells --- infection --- neuroinflammation --- HIV --- Zika --- cytomegalovirus --- neurogenesis --- microglia --- liver damage --- toll-like receptor 4 --- P2Y2 receptor --- metabolic syndrome --- resveratrol --- quercetin --- PPARα --- peroxisome --- β-oxidation --- PPRE --- ligand --- coregulator --- micronutrients --- PPARα knockout --- adipose tissue --- browning --- lipid metabolism --- depression --- PPARg --- neuropathology --- corticotropin releasing hormone --- norepinephrine --- subgenual prefrontal cortex --- amygdala --- nucleus accumbens --- common carotid artery occlusion --- electroretinography --- fibroblast growth factor 21 --- pemafibrate --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha --- retinal ischemia --- skeletal muscle --- substrate metabolism --- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) --- sex dimorphism --- lipidomics --- hepatic sex-biased gene expression --- PPARγ --- pulmonary arterial hypertension --- TGFβ --- vascular injury --- proliferation --- kidney fibrosis --- pattern-recognition receptors --- phagocytosis --- nitric oxide synthase --- fenofibrate --- oleoylethanolamide --- palmitoylethanolamide --- cancer --- immunity --- obesity --- diabetes --- miRNA --- DNA methylation --- histone modification --- peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor --- fatty acid oxidation --- doping control --- regulatory T cells --- exercise --- nuclear receptors --- nutrigenomics --- energy homeostasis --- dairy animals --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) --- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) --- bezafibrate --- fenofibric acid --- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor --- dual/pan agonist --- X-ray crystallography --- n/a