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This paper assesses the macroeconomic impact and policy challenges related to Estonia’s prospective accession to the EU and its potential adoption of the euro. Our analysis of the trade, financial, and fiscal channels includes a model-based illustrative scenario using MULTIMOD. We conclude that the welfare enhancing effects for Estonia of further EU integration are likely to outweigh the drawbacks of more pronounced macroeconomic imbalances that could accompany this process. To smooth Estonia’s accession-related adjustment, its fiscal and structural policies should be geared toward mitigating domestic demand pressures, promoting saving, and ensuring efficient public investment.
Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Economic Integration --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation --- Trade: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Macroeconomics --- Expenditure --- Exports --- Fiscal policy --- Imports --- Tariffs --- International trade --- Taxes --- Expenditures, Public --- Tariff --- Estonia, Republic of
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This paper focuses on the nexus between pension funds' balance sheet liabilities, reflecting their age profile and payments obligations, and the investment behavior and costs of these funds. The context of the analysis is the stringent regulatory framework and the highly fragmented and heterogeneous pension fund landscape in Switzerland. Detailed data from the Swiss Pension Statistic are analyzed using multivariate OLS-regressions. The evidence shows that a younger age structure and lower short-term benefits payouts are related to a higher share of equities and lower real estate holdings. Legal form, pension plan type, and size are important for administrative costs. The findings support the view that aging may lead to increased risk aversion and thus to a lower engagement of institutional investors in equities.
Financial Risk Management --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- International Financial Markets --- Governmental Property --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Pensions --- Finance --- Public finance & taxation --- Population & demography --- Pension spending --- Asset allocation --- Government asset management --- Aging --- Asset-liability management --- Finance, Public --- Population aging --- Switzerland --- Pension trusts --- Finance. --- Economic aspects
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Teenagers --- Adolescents --- Teen-agers --- Teens --- Young adults (Teenagers) --- Youth --- Germany --- History
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