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Bibliometrics has moved well beyond the mere tracking of bibliographic citations. The web enables new ways to measure scholarly productivity and impact, making available tools and data that can reveal patterns of intellectual activity and impact that were previously invisible: mentions, acknowledgments, endorsements, downloads, recommendations, blog posts, tweets. This book describes recent theoretical and practical advances in metrics-based research, examining a variety of alternative metrics -- or "altmetrics"--While also considering the ethical and cultural consequences of relying on metrics to assess the quality of scholarship. Once the domain of information scientists and mathematicians, bibliometrics is now a fast-growing, multidisciplinary field that ranges from webometrics to scientometrics to influmetrics. The contributors to Beyond Bibliometrics discuss the changing environment of scholarly publishing, the effects of open access and Web 2.0 on genres of discourse, novel analytic methods, and the emergence of next-generation metrics in a performance-conscious age. ContributorsMayur Amin, Judit Bar-Ilan, Johann Bauer, Lutz Bornmann, Benjamin F. Bowman, Kevin W. Boyack, Blaise Cronin, Ronald Day, Nicola De Bellis, Jonathan Furner, Yves Gingras, Stefanie Haustein, Edwin Henneken, Peter A. Hook, Judith Kamalski, Richard Klavans, Kayvan Kousha, Michael Kurtz, Mark Largent, Julia Lane, Vincent Larivière, Loet Leydesdorff, Werner Marx, Katherine W. McCain, Margit Palzenberger, Andrew Plume, Jason Priem, Rebecca Rosen, Hermann Schier, Hadas Shema, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, Mike Thelwall, Daril Vilhena, Jevin West, Paul Wouters.

Science --- Library research --- Bibliometrics. --- Bibliographical citations --- Scholarly publishing --- Scholarly electronic publishing --- Scientific literature --- Research --- Communication in learning and scholarship --- Bibliométrie --- Références bibliographiques --- Edition savante --- Edition électronique savante --- Sciences --- Recherche --- Communication savante --- Evaluation --- Statistical methods --- Technological innovations. --- Documentation --- Méthodes statistiques --- Innovations --- Bibliometrics --- Bibliométrie --- Références bibliographiques --- Edition électronique savante --- Méthodes statistiques --- Bibliométrie. --- Statistical methods. --- Evaluation. --- Bibliographical references --- Citation of sources --- Citations, Bibliographical --- Footnotes, Bibliographical --- References, Bibliographical --- Bibliography --- Communication in scholarship --- Scholarly communication --- Learning and scholarship --- Electronic scholarly publishing --- Electronic publishing --- Academic publishing --- Publishers and publishing --- Science literature --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Statistical bibliography --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Library Science --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/General

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Policy makers, academic administrators, scholars, and members of the public are clamoring for indicators of the value and reach of research. The question of how to quantify the impact and importance of research and scholarly output, from the publication of books and journal articles to the indexing of citations and tweets, is a critical one in predicting innovation, and in deciding what sorts of research is supported and whom is hired to carry it out. There is a wide set of data and tools available for measuring research, but they are often used in crude ways, and each have their own limitations and internal logics. Measuring Research: What Everyone Needs to Know® will provide, for the first time, an accessible account of the methods used to gather and analyze data on research output and impact. Following a brief history of scholarly communication and its measurement — from traditional peer review to crowdsourced review on the social web — the book will look at the classification of knowledge and academic disciplines, the differences between citations and references, the role of peer review, national research evaluation exercises, the tools used to measure research, the many different types of measurement indicators, and how to measure interdisciplinarity. The book also addresses emerging issues within scholarly communication, including whether or not measurement promotes a "publish or perish" culture, fraud in research, or "citation cartels." It will also look at the stakeholders behind these analytical tools, the adverse effects of these quantifications, and the future of research measurement.

Science --- Bibliometrics --- Research --- Citation indexes --- Communication in learning and scholarship --- Evaluation --- Statistical methods --- Technological innovations --- Research - Evaluation - Statistical methods --- Communication in learning and scholarship - Technological innovations

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The success of the scientific endeavor depends on a robust workforce. Unfortunately, the scientific workforce fails to be representative of the population. This failure to adequately utilize human capital has strong consequences for progress and innovation. This book examines the labor of women in science. Combining an extensive analysis of several international datasets on scholarly publications, research funding, and survey results, The Labor of Science provides an empirical account of the various ways the gender gap is observed in the scientific community and combines these findings with anecdotes and profiles of women in science that provide historical context and guide the empirical analysis.

Women in science. --- Sex discrimination against women. --- Sex discrimination in science. --- Sex discrimination in employment.

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"Big data is ubiquitous but heterogeneous. Big data can be used to tally clicks and traffic on web pages, find patterns in stock trades, track consumer preferences, identify linguistic correlations in large corpuses of texts. This book examines big data not as an undifferentiated whole but contextually, investigating the varied challenges posed by big data for health, science, law, commerce, and politics. Taken together, the chapters reveal a complex set of problems, practices, and policies. The advent of big data methodologies has challenged the theory-driven approach to scientific knowledge in favor of a data-driven one. Social media platforms and self-tracking tools change the way we see ourselves and others. The collection of data by corporations and government threatens privacy while promoting transparency. Meanwhile, politicians, policy makers, and ethicists are ill-prepared to deal with big data's ramifications. The contributors look at big data's effect on individual as it exerts social control through monitoring, mining, and manipulation; big data and society, examining both its empowering and its constraining effects; big data and science, considering issues of data governance, provenance, reuse, and trust; and big data and organizations, discussing data responsibility, "data harm," and decision making."

Big data. --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/General --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Technology & Policy --- Data sets, Large --- Large data sets --- Data sets