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In dieser Arbeit geht es um die verschiedenen Faktoren, die den inhaltlichen Aufbau und die Wahl spezifischer Ausdrucksmittel im Prozeß der Textproduktion steuern. Es wird zunächst ein Beschreibungsinstrumentarium entwickelt, das Textstrukturen auf globaler und lokaler Ebene integrativ abzubilden erlaubt. Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchungen ist die schon aus der antiken Rhetorik vertraute These, daß die kommunikative Aufgabe, die Quaestio, die der Text in seiner Gesamtheit zu beantworten versucht, wesentliche strukturelle und inhaltliche Vorgaben für die Gestaltung eines Textes macht. Diese These wird anhand umfangreichen empirischen Materials belegt. Als Datenbasis werden mündlich produzierte Erzählungen, Beschreibungen und Instruktionen herangezogen, die unter kontrollierten Bedingungen erhoben wurden. Ebenfalls untersucht wird die Rolle kognitiver Faktoren auf die Textplanung. Hierunter verstehen wir spezifische Vorgaben, die mit der thematisierten Wissensbasis verbunden sind. Im einzelnen wird nachgewiesen, daß die Art der Wissensaufnahme (Kognitionsphase), die Merkmale der verbalisierten Wissensstruktur (hierarchischer Aufbau, Standardisiertheit) und das beim Hörer unterstellte einschlägige Vorwissen (Hörermodell) Inhalt und Form von Texten systematisch beeinflussen. Eine detaillierte Untersuchung des Gebrauchs hypotaktischer Ausdrucksmittel belegt, daß diese Form konsequent zum Erhalt global gesetzter Strukturvorgaben (wie Perspektive, Granularitätsniveau, Linearisierungskriterium) verwendet wird. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Analysen werden im Lichte bestehender Modelle der Textproduktion diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, daß strikt modulare und sequentielle Modelle diesen Ergebnissen nicht gerecht werden können.
Pragmatics --- Discourse analysis. --- Language and languages. --- Discourse analysis --- Language and languages --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Discourse grammar --- Text grammar --- Semantics --- Semiotics --- allemand (langue) --- discours (linguistique) - production. --- communication orale --- langue parlée --- texte - structure. --- Allemand (langue) --- Discours (linguistique) - production. --- Philology & Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures
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For an interdisciplinary approach to linguistics spatial concepts are of especial significance in that they represent a link between linguistic and extra-linguistic cognition. In language production spatial representations form the starting-point for a class of linearization processes; vice versa, in language reception we have delinearization processes building up mental spatial representations from linguistic structures. Such processes are subject to restrictions specific to individual languages and resting on the respective relations between the language system and the conceptual system of spatial categories and relations. Räumliche Konzepte sind für eine interdisziplinär orientierte Linguistik von besonderer Bedeutung, da sie ein Bindeglied zwischen sprachlicher und außersprachlicher Kognition darstellen. Räumliche Repräsentationen bilden in der Sprachproduktion den Ausgangspunkt für eine Klasse von Linearisierungsprozessen; dual hierzu existieren in der Sprachrezeption Delinearisierungsprozesse, die aus sprachlichen Strukturen mentale räumliche Repräsenationen aufbauen. Derartige Prozesse unterliegen einzelsprachlichen Beschränkungen, die auf spezifischen Beziehungen zwischen dem sprachlichen System und dem konzeptuellen System räumlicher Kategorien und Relationen beruhen.
Psycholinguistics --- Grammar --- Espace et temps dans la langue --- Espace et temps dans le langage --- Expression de l'espace et du temps (Linguistique) --- Langage -- Expression de l'espace et du temps --- Ruimte en tijd in de taal --- Space and time in language --- Temps et espace dans le langage --- 800:159.9 --- 800:316 --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek-:-Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851} --- Sociolinguistiek --- Grammar, Comparative --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Space and time in language. --- 800:316 Sociolinguistiek --- 800:159.9 Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek-:-Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851}
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Until recently, the history of debates about language and thought has been a history of thinking of language in the singular. The purpose of this volume is to reverse this trend and to begin unlocking the mysteries surrounding thinking and speaking in bi- and multilingual speakers. If languages influence the way we think, what happens to those who speak more than one language? And if they do not, how can we explain the difficulties second language learners experience in mapping new words and structures onto real-world referents? The contributors to this volume put forth a novel approach to second language learning, presenting it as a process that involves conceptual development and restructuring, and not simply the mapping of new forms onto pre-existing meanings.
Bilingualism. --- Second language acquisition. --- Language and languages --- Foreign language study --- Language and education --- Language schools --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- Languages in contact --- Multilingualism --- Study and teaching. --- Language and languages Study and teaching --- Study and teaching
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In recent years research on comparative typology has led to reveal regularities and to formulate new constraints upon variation for a broad range of phenomena. As the amount of typological research increased, a growing interest arose for the implications that findings in the typological field might have on second language acquisition. Written by experts in the field of typology and/or second language acquisition, this volume addresses theoretical and empirical issues on structural domains such as relative clauses and possessive constructions as well as pragmatic considerations on information organization in learners productions.
Second language acquisition. --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Second language learning --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Linguistic typology --- Typology --- Language acquisition --- Linguistics --- Linguistic universals --- Classification
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This volume brings together ten contributions to the study of untutored (mainly) second but also first language acquisition. All chapters have been written from a functionalist perspective and take as the main theoretical framework a model of spontaneous second language acquisition centered on the "basic variety" as proposed by Klein and Perdue. The chapters in the volume are grouped around two research themes. The first theme concerns the acquisition of scope phenomena (negation, scope particles), the second one deals with referential movement (reference to person, time and space). Both parts provide insights in the structure of learner varieties at various stages of development, and are followed by a discussion chapter. Scope phenomena, such as negation and frequency adverbials present an important learning problem, as learners have to reconcile the logical structure of their utterances with the syntactic specifics of the language being learned. Their acquisition has been relatively neglected in studies up to date, however, and we even lack detailed knowledge about the interpretation of scope particles in the target languages. The chapters in this part of the volume set out to provide more knowledge about scope phenomena in general; more detailed descriptions of the particles in the languages under consideration; and a more general understanding of how scope is acquired. Strong findings resulting from the "ESF" project suggested universal trends in how untutored learners deal with acquisition in the very early stages (the basic variety). Chapters in this second part of the volume on referential movement look at acquisition at more advanced stages, including the production of near native speakers. Learners who progress beyond the basic variety increasingly grammaticalise their productions. This later development is supposedly more variable, as more specific aspects of the target languages are now being acquired. Chapters in this part allow to shed more light on the question regarding universal and language-specific influences on language acquisition.
Language acquisition --- Language and languages --- Variation --- Language acquisition. --- Variation. --- Characterology of speech --- Language diversity --- Language subsystems --- Language variation --- Linguistic diversity --- Variation in language --- Acquisition of language --- Developmental linguistics --- Developmental psycholinguistics --- Language development in children --- Psycholinguistics, Developmental --- Acquisition --- Interpersonal communication in children --- Psycholinguistics --- Language and languages - Variation
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This volume aims to provide a broad view of second language acquisition within a comparative perspective that addresses results concerning adult and child learners across a variety of source and target languages. It brings together contributions at the forefront of language acquisition research that consider a wide range of open questions: What are the precise mechanisms underlying acquisition? How can we characterize learners’ initial state and predict their degree of final achievement? What role do specific (typological) properties of source and target languages play? How does fossilization occur? How does the relative complexity of cognitive systems in adult and child learners affect acquisition? Does language learning influence cognitive organization? Can language learning shed light on our general understanding of human language and language processing?
Language acquisition. --- Acquisition of language --- Developmental linguistics --- Developmental psycholinguistics --- Language and languages --- Language development in children --- Psycholinguistics, Developmental --- Interpersonal communication in children --- Psycholinguistics --- Acquisition --- Perdue, Clive. --- Clive Perdue. --- Second Language Acquisition. --- attainment in language learning. --- cognition and language acquisition. --- fossilization . --- language processing. --- second language learning. --- successful language learning.
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