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Book
Gender Gaps in Property Ownership in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Women's ownership, use, and control over property matter for their well-being and agency and can influence outcomes for the second generation-women's daughters and sons. Additionally, gender gaps in property ownership induce allocative inefficiencies and foregone economic output, thus having economywide implications. This paper uses data for 28 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to shine a spotlight on gaps between men and women in land and housing (property) ownership and analyze patterns across and within countries. The results indicate that men are about three times as likely as women to claim sole ownership over property. Gender gaps are smaller if joint ownership is taken into consideration, but still materially disadvantage women. Men are significantly more likely to own property than women even after controlling for a host of other factors. This paper is an important step toward a better understanding of gender gaps in property ownership in Africa and outlines an agenda for future data collection and analytic efforts.


Book
Computer Processing of Oriental Languages. Language Technology for the Knowledge-based Economy : 22nd International Conference, ICCPOL 2009, Hong Kong, March 26-27, 2009. Proceedings
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9783642008313 Year: 2009 Publisher: Berlin Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, ICCPOL 2009, held in Hong Kong, in March 2009. The 25 revised full papers and 15 revised poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. The papers address a variety of topics in natural language processing and its applications, including word segmentation, phrase and term extraction, chunking and parsing, semantic labelling, opinion mining, ontology construction, machine translation, information extraction, document summarization, and so on.


Book
Introduction to Chinese Natural Language Processing
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 3031021339 Year: 2010 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer,

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Abstract

This book introduces Chinese language-processing issues and techniques to readers who already have a basic background in natural language processing (NLP). Since the major difference between Chinese and Western languages is at the word level, the book primarily focuses on Chinese morphological analysis and introduces the concept, structure, and interword semantics of Chinese words. The following topics are covered: a general introduction to Chinese NLP; Chinese characters, morphemes, and words and the characteristics of Chinese words that have to be considered in NLP applications; Chinese word segmentation; unknown word detection; word meaning and Chinese linguistic resources; interword semantics based on word collocation and NLP techniques for collocation extraction. Table of Contents: Introduction / Words in Chinese / Challenges in Chinese Morphological Processing / Chinese Word Segmentation / Unknown Word Identification / Word Meaning / Chinese Collocations / Automatic Chinese Collocation Extraction / Appendix / References / Author Biographies.


Book
Computer processing of oriental languages : language technology for the knowledge based economy : 22nd international conference, ICCPOL 2009, Hong Kong, March 26 - 27, 2009 : proceedings
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 3642008305 3642008313 Year: 2009 Publisher: Berlin ; New York : Springer,

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Abstract

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, ICCPOL 2009, held in Hong Kong, in March 2009. The 25 revised full papers and 15 revised poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. The papers address a variety of topics in natural language processing and its applications, including word segmentation, phrase and term extraction, chunking and parsing, semantic labelling, opinion mining, ontology construction, machine translation, information extraction, document summarization, and so on.

Keywords

Computer Science --- East Asian Languages & Literatures --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Languages & Literatures --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Oriental languages --- Data processing --- Asia --- Languages --- Languages, Oriental --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Linguistics. --- Computer programming. --- Programming languages (Electronic computers). --- Mathematical logic. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational linguistics. --- Linguistics, general. --- Programming Techniques. --- Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Language Translation and Linguistics. --- Automatic language processing --- Language and languages --- Language data processing --- Linguistics --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Mathematical linguistics --- Multilingual computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Computer languages --- Computer program languages --- Computer programming languages --- Machine language --- Languages, Artificial --- Computers --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Programming --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Computer science. --- Natural language processing (Computer science). --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Natural Language Processing (NLP). --- Informatics --- Science --- NLP (Computer science) --- Artificial intelligence --- Human-computer interaction --- Semantic computing

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