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This book gathers the proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Natural Hazards (NATHAZ'19), held in Lajes do Pico, Pico Island, Azores in 2019. Natural hazards constitute the threat of a naturally occurring event having a negative effect on human beings. These effects are often called natural disasters. Among the natural hazards and potential disasters to be considered are: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, subsidence, floods, droughts and coastal erosion. In addition, there are anthropogenic hazards that occur as a result of human interactions with the environment. They include technological hazards, which occur due to exposure to hazardous substances in the environment. Grasping the behaviour of natural systems requires a comprehensive understanding of climatology, geology and hydrology data and dynamics. Thus, it is important to conduct hazard and risk assessment studies for meaningful hazard mitigation. Further, the book demonstrates that an accurate understanding of natural systems and interactions between engineering and natural resources is of vital significance to the entire socio-economic sector. This volume offers an overview of natural hazards in model regions in Europe, America, and Atlantic islands. Providing new insights on the characterisation, assessment, protection and modelling of geological hazards, water systems, urban areas and coastal zones, it represents a valuable resource for all researchers and practitioners in the fields of Geosciences, Hydrology, Water Resources, Natural Hazards, Environments and Engineering. Main topics include: 1. Natural Hazards and Disasters 2. Sustainable Water Systems and Climate Change 3. Technological Hazards and Engineering Design.

Earth sciences. --- Climate change. --- Hydrology. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Sustainable architecture. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Climate Change. --- Hydrology/Water Resources. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Sustainable Architecture/Green Buildings. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Eco-architecture --- Environmentally conscious architecture --- Environmentally friendly architecture --- Green architecture --- Green building design --- Green design (Buildings) --- Sustainable design (Buildings) --- Architecture --- Sustainable design --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Environmental aspects --- Natural disasters --- Global environmental change --- Environment. --- Water. --- Earth Sciences. --- Environmental Sciences. --- Environmental Monitoring. --- Hydrology --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Ecology

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This book comprises the peer-reviewed proceedings of the 1st Conference on Georesources, Geomaterials, Geotechnologies and Geoenvironment (4GEO), Porto, Portugal, on November 7–8, 2019. The book interests all researchers, practitioners, and students in engineering geosciences, geotechnics, georesources, materials engineering, and earth and environmental sciences. Georesources, geomaterials, geotechnologies, and geoenvironment are very topical subjects and therefore deserve a deeper reflection by academia, practitioners, and society. That approach is vital to a correct sustainable resource management and an engineering design with nature within a geoethical framework. Georesources, understood as geological, hydrological and energetic resources are greatly important to society. Minerals, rocks, and water are resources that, over time, have assumed an important role in the technological development of communities. Given the increase in population and the increasing needs and intensification of their use, it is very important to ensure their sustainable management. Geomaterials are functional geological materials artificially processed for the generality of the activities developed by societies. The functional geomaterials may include rock, clay, granular materials, treated soils, and industrial waste. Geotechnologies are a very important tool for decision-making, supporting the collection, mapping, processing, and analysis of data with geographical information systems and other geo-techniques used in the most diverse fields, including to support the monitoring and prediction of geohazards. The geoenvironment is a transversal field that identifies continuous earth changes and to find solutions to the resulting socioeconomic and environmental changes. Climate change, industrialization, and anthropic activity are, among others, factors of pressure and alteration of the natural environment, so minimizing impacts and emerging hazards and risks. Main topics include: 1. Geomaterials, Geotechnics, and Georesources 2. Geotechnologies, Engineering Geosciences, and Geohazards 3. Geoenvironment, Water, and Climate Change.

Geotechnical engineering. --- Earth sciences. --- Engineering geology. --- Materials. --- Water. --- Hydrology. --- Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geoengineering. --- Materials Engineering. --- Engineering --- Technology & Engineering

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In nature, urban groundwater results in multiple processes, including climatic, geological, geomorphological, geochemical, ecotoxicological, and hydraulic processes, in addition to sanitation, all of which sustain varied ecological services. Urban development profoundly impacts hydrological systems, particularly in the invisible component of the water cycle, the groundwater. That impact was perceived a considerable while in the past, and the initial focus was drawn to societal roles in the development of urbanisation and the consequent contamination and pollution of hydrosystems. Additional issues in sustainable water resource management and hydrological cycle comprehension are added by urbanisation. The Special Issue highlights the presentation and discussion of model urban studies and reflections that describe the current state-of-the-art methods on challenges and emerging fields related to the mapping, characterisation, assessment, mitigation, and protection of sustainable groundwater systems in peri-urban and urban areas. In the current year, 2022, World Water Day was dedicated to groundwater, and the process of making the invisible visible. This Special Issue offers a set of papers that promote reflections, methodologies, and learned studies on the importance of fresh water in urban areas.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- water resources carrying capacity --- load-balance --- system dynamics model --- water resources allocation --- Jilin province --- wildfire --- peri-urban area --- groundwater quality --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons --- major ions --- metals --- urban groundwater --- hydrogeochemistry --- hydrodynamics --- IPI-Urban --- NW Portugal --- emergency groundwater source --- numerical model --- drawdown --- in situ hydrogeological tests --- salinity --- ions --- semi-arid region --- Mewat --- Haryana --- environmental isotope --- δ2H --- municipal solid waste --- leachate contamination --- natural tracers --- coal mine wastewater quality --- irrigation --- heavy metals --- water quality index --- environmental impact --- groundwater sustainable management --- groundwater abstraction --- seawater intrusion --- numerical modelling --- coastal aquifer --- urban water-supply --- groundwater --- private self-supply --- management issues --- water supply system --- volcanism --- eruptive scenarios --- vulnerability --- Azores --- wellhead protection area --- numerical modeling --- analytical methods --- n/a --- Research. --- Environmental economics.

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This book comprises the peer-reviewed proceedings of the 1st Conference on Georesources, Geomaterials, Geotechnologies and Geoenvironment (4GEO), Porto, Portugal, on November 7–8, 2019. The book interests all researchers, practitioners, and students in engineering geosciences, geotechnics, georesources, materials engineering, and earth and environmental sciences. Georesources, geomaterials, geotechnologies, and geoenvironment are very topical subjects and therefore deserve a deeper reflection by academia, practitioners, and society. That approach is vital to a correct sustainable resource management and an engineering design with nature within a geoethical framework. Georesources, understood as geological, hydrological and energetic resources are greatly important to society. Minerals, rocks, and water are resources that, over time, have assumed an important role in the technological development of communities. Given the increase in population and the increasing needs and intensification of their use, it is very important to ensure their sustainable management. Geomaterials are functional geological materials artificially processed for the generality of the activities developed by societies. The functional geomaterials may include rock, clay, granular materials, treated soils, and industrial waste. Geotechnologies are a very important tool for decision-making, supporting the collection, mapping, processing, and analysis of data with geographical information systems and other geo-techniques used in the most diverse fields, including to support the monitoring and prediction of geohazards. The geoenvironment is a transversal field that identifies continuous earth changes and to find solutions to the resulting socioeconomic and environmental changes. Climate change, industrialization, and anthropic activity are, among others, factors of pressure and alteration of the natural environment, so minimizing impacts and emerging hazards and risks. Main topics include: 1. Geomaterials, Geotechnics, and Georesources 2. Geotechnologies, Engineering Geosciences, and Geohazards 3. Geoenvironment, Water, and Climate Change.

Hydrosphere --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Materials sciences --- Applied physical engineering --- Mining industry --- Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- hydrologie --- materiaalkennis --- water --- mijnbouw --- geografie --- geologie --- aarde (astronomie) --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Earth sciences. --- Engineering geology. --- Materials. --- Water. --- Hydrology. --- Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geoengineering. --- Materials Engineering. --- Engineering --- Technology & Engineering

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Engineering geology --- Geotechnical engineering --- Design and construction. --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology