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This book summarizes the state-of-the-art in partitional clustering. Clustering, the unsupervised classification of patterns into groups, is one of the most important tasks in exploratory data analysis. Primary goals of clustering include gaining insight into, classifying, and compressing data. Clustering has a long and rich history that spans a variety of scientific disciplines including anthropology, biology, medicine, psychology, statistics, mathematics, engineering, and computer science. As a result, numerous clustering algorithms have been proposed since the early 1950s. Among these algorithms, partitional (nonhierarchical) ones have found many applications, especially in engineering and computer science. This book provides coverage of consensus clustering, constrained clustering, large scale and/or high dimensional clustering, cluster validity, cluster visualization, and applications of clustering. Examines clustering as it applies to large and/or high-dimensional data sets commonly encountered in realistic applications; Discusses algorithms specifically designed for partitional clustering; Covers center-based, competitive learning, density-based, fuzzy, graph-based, grid-based, metaheuristic, and model-based approaches.

Engineering. --- Communications Engineering, Networks. --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Information systems. --- Telecommunication. --- Ingénierie --- Télécommunications --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Systèmes d'information --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Cluster analysis. --- Computer algorithms. --- Computers. --- Electrical engineering. --- Algorithms --- Correlation (Statistics) --- Multivariate analysis --- Spatial analysis (Statistics) --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Telecommunications --- Communication --- Information theory --- Telecommuting --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Electric engineering --- Engineering

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The goal of this volume is to summarize the state-of-the-art in the utilization of computer vision techniques in the diagnosis of skin cancer. Malignant melanoma is one of the most rapidly increasing cancers in the world. Early diagnosis is particularly important since melanoma can be cured with a simple excision if detected early. In recent years, dermoscopy has proved valuable in visualizing the morphological structures in pigmented lesions. However, it has also been shown that dermoscopy is difficult to learn and subjective. Newer technologies such as infrared imaging, multispectral imaging, and confocal microscopy, have recently come to the forefront in providing greater diagnostic accuracy. These imaging technologies presented in this book can serve as an adjunct to physicians and  provide automated skin cancer screening. Although computerized techniques cannot as yet provide a definitive diagnosis, they can be used to improve biopsy decision-making as well as early melanoma detection, especially for patients with multiple atypical nevi.

Skin --- Diagnostic imaging --- Computer vision in medicine. --- Cancer --- Diagnosis. --- Digital techniques. --- Microscopy. --- Cutis --- Integument (Skin) --- Digital diagnostic imaging --- Engineering. --- Dermatology. --- Image processing. --- Medical physics. --- Radiation. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Medical and Radiation Physics. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Physics --- Radiology --- Health physics --- Health radiation physics --- Medical radiation physics --- Radiotherapy physics --- Radiation therapy physics --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Diseases --- Beauty, Personal --- Body covering (Anatomy) --- Digital electronics --- Computer vision. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Optical data processing. --- Signal processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Optical equipment --- Diagnostic imaging. --- Melanoma

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Since the early 20th century, medical imaging has been dominated by monochrome imaging modalities such as x-ray, computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. As a result, color information has been overlooked in medical image analysis applications. Recently, various medical imaging modalities that involve color information have been introduced. These include cervicography, dermoscopy, fundus photography, gastrointestinal endoscopy, microscopy, and wound photography. However, in comparison to monochrome images, the analysis of color images is a relatively unexplored area. The multivariate nature of color image data presents new challenges for researchers and practitioners as the numerous methods developed for monochrome images are often not directly applicable to multichannel images. The goal of this volume is to summarize the state-of-the-art in the utilization of color information in medical image analysis.

Diagnostic imaging. --- Imaging systems in medicine. --- Medical imaging systems --- Clinical imaging --- Imaging, Diagnostic --- Medical diagnostic imaging --- Medical imaging --- Noninvasive medical imaging --- Diagnostic imaging -- Data processing. --- Diagnostic imaging -- Digital techniques. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Computer vision. --- Radiology, Medical. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Medical instruments and apparatus --- Diagnosis, Noninvasive --- Imaging systems in medicine --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Medical physics --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Optical data processing. --- Radiology. --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiation --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Optical equipment

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This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the First International Workshop on OR 2.0 Context-Aware Operating Theaters, OR 2.0 2018, 5th International Workshop on Computer Assisted Robotic Endoscopy, CARE 2018, 7th International Workshop on Clinical Image-Based Procedures, CLIP 2018, and the First International Workshop on Skin Image Analysis, ISIC 2018, held in conjunction with the 21st International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2018, in Granada, Spain, in September 2018. The 11 full papers presented at OR 2.0 2018, the 5 full papers presented at CARE 2018, the 8 full papers presented at CLIP 2018, and the 10 full papers presented at ISIC 2018 were carefully reviewed and selected. The OR 2.0 papers cover a wide range of topics such as machine vision and perception, robotics, surgical simulation and modeling, multi-modal data fusion and visualization, image analysis, advanced imaging, advanced display technologies, human-computer interfaces, sensors. The CARE papers cover topics to advance the field of computer-assisted and robotic endoscopy. The CLIP papers cover topics to fill gaps between basic science and clinical applications. The ISIC papers cover topics to facilitate knowledge dissemination in the field of skin image analysis, as well as to host a melanoma detection challenge, raising awareness and interest for these socially valuable tasks.

Artificial intelligence. --- Computer vision. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Software engineering. --- Information systems. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems. --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Surgery, Computer-Assisted. --- Robotic Surgical Procedures. --- Skin --- diagnostic imaging. --- Robot-Enhanced Procedures --- Robot-Enhanced Surgery --- Surgical Procedures, Robotic --- Procedure, Robot-Enhanced --- Procedure, Robotic Surgical --- Procedures, Robot-Enhanced --- Procedures, Robotic Surgical --- Robot Enhanced Procedures --- Robot Enhanced Surgery --- Robot-Enhanced Procedure --- Robot-Enhanced Surgeries --- Robotic Surgical Procedure --- Surgeries, Robot-Enhanced --- Surgery, Robot-Enhanced --- Surgical Procedure, Robotic --- Robotics --- Computer-Aided Surgery --- Computer-Assisted Surgery --- Image-Guided Surgery --- Surgery, Image-Guided --- Computer Aided Surgery --- Computer Assisted Surgery --- Computer-Aided Surgeries --- Computer-Assisted Surgeries --- Image Guided Surgery --- Image-Guided Surgeries --- Surgeries, Computer-Aided --- Surgeries, Computer-Assisted --- Surgeries, Image-Guided --- Surgery, Computer Assisted --- Surgery, Computer-Aided --- Surgery, Image Guided --- Augmented Reality --- Neuronavigation --- Image-Guided Biopsy --- Computer communication networks. --- Diagnostic imaging --- Digital techniques --- Clinical imaging --- Imaging, Diagnostic --- Medical diagnostic imaging --- Medical imaging --- Noninvasive medical imaging --- Diagnosis, Noninvasive --- Imaging systems in medicine --- Optical data processing. --- Computer communication systems. --- Special purpose computers. --- Computers. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Special purpose computers --- Computers --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Distributed processing --- Optical equipment --- Computer networks. --- Computers, Special purpose. --- Computer Vision.