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Côte d’Ivoire aims at reaching emerging country status by 2020. However, Côte d'Ivoire's tax revenues are not sufficient to finance its growing needs for public investment in infrastructure, education and health. Tax policy is not just a question of resources—Côte d’Ivoire will also have to attempt to reform a tax system which distorts behaviour in many parts of the economy, which plays only a limited role in redistribution and inclusiveness, and lacks transparency. The authorities will have to prioritise a shift in the tax mix that gradually replaces the most distortive taxes, such as customs duties, with more neutral taxes; cast the tax net more widely to prevent that a limited number of taxpayers in the formal sector bear most of the tax burden; make the tax system simpler and more coherent; rationalise the many exemptions, especially in VAT, corporate tax and personal income tax; strengthen international tax rules to encourage multinationals to pay their fair share of taxes; increase the capacity of tax authorities; and enhance tax morale. Côte d’Ivoire cannot settle for partial reforms—it needs to phase in a comprehensive tax reform to meet its needs as an emerging economy.
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This paper responds to the need to examine with empirical data the way in which women and children have been affected by recession and structural adjustment. A careful analysis of the impact on women (as compared to men) in developing countries has not been undertaken before with this kind of data. To facilitate our understanding of the Ivorian household survey data, we also used existing sociological and anthropological studies. These studies formed the basis of our interpretation of socio-cultural structures, economic exchanges between men and women within the household, the sexual division of labour for certain tasks and types of employment (and on different crops: export/food production for the rural areas) and the way in which different sources of income are allocated to given expenditures and by whom. The essential point is that adjustment and other programmes can provide realistic opportunities and incentives for productive activities for men and women which are based on ...
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HYDROGRAPHIE --- FRANCE, ESPACE GEOGRAPHIQUE --- MOSELLE (COTE) --- MOSELLE (COTE) --- HYDROGRAPHIE --- FRANCE, ESPACE GEOGRAPHIQUE --- MOSELLE (COTE) --- MOSELLE (COTE)
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This paper responds to the need to examine with empirical data the way in which women and children have been affected by recession and structural adjustment. A careful analysis of the impact on women (as compared to men) in developing countries has not been undertaken before with this kind of data. To facilitate our understanding of the Ivorian household survey data, we also used existing sociological and anthropological studies. These studies formed the basis of our interpretation of socio-cultural structures, economic exchanges between men and women within the household, the sexual division of labour for certain tasks and types of employment (and on different crops: export/food production for the rural areas) and the way in which different sources of income are allocated to given expenditures and by whom. The essential point is that adjustment and other programmes can provide realistic opportunities and incentives for productive activities for men and women which are based on ...
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Côte d’Ivoire aims at reaching emerging country status by 2020. However, Côte d'Ivoire's tax revenues are not sufficient to finance its growing needs for public investment in infrastructure, education and health. Tax policy is not just a question of resources—Côte d’Ivoire will also have to attempt to reform a tax system which distorts behaviour in many parts of the economy, which plays only a limited role in redistribution and inclusiveness, and lacks transparency. The authorities will have to prioritise a shift in the tax mix that gradually replaces the most distortive taxes, such as customs duties, with more neutral taxes; cast the tax net more widely to prevent that a limited number of taxpayers in the formal sector bear most of the tax burden; make the tax system simpler and more coherent; rationalise the many exemptions, especially in VAT, corporate tax and personal income tax; strengthen international tax rules to encourage multinationals to pay their fair share of taxes; increase the capacity of tax authorities; and enhance tax morale. Côte d’Ivoire cannot settle for partial reforms—it needs to phase in a comprehensive tax reform to meet its needs as an emerging economy.
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FRANCE, ESPACE GEOGRAPHIQUE --- COTE ATLANTIQUE --- FRANCE, ESPACE GEOGRAPHIQUE --- COTE ATLANTIQUE
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INDUSTRIALISATION --- AFRIQUE --- COTE D'IVOIRE --- INDUSTRIALISATION --- AFRIQUE --- COTE D'IVOIRE
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Géographie de la population --- FRANCE, ESPACE GEOGRAPHIQUE --- MOSELLE (COTE) --- MOSELLE (COTE) --- FRANCE, ESPACE GEOGRAPHIQUE --- MOSELLE (COTE) --- MOSELLE (COTE)
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FRANCE, ESPACE GEOGRAPHIQUE --- GEOMORPHOLOGIE REGIONALE --- MOSELLE (COTE) --- MOSELLE (COTE) --- FRANCE, ESPACE GEOGRAPHIQUE --- GEOMORPHOLOGIE REGIONALE --- MOSELLE (COTE) --- MOSELLE (COTE)
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