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In De migratiemachine bespreken deskundigen uit verschillende vakgebieden deze neveneffecten. De biometrische technieken die momenteel in Nederlands en Europees verband worden gebruikt om de toestroom van migranten te beteugelen, maken inbreuk op de integriteit van het lichaam. Onbetrouwbare en onvoldoende controleerbare en corrigeerbare informatiebestanden kunnen leiden tot onterechte afwijzingen van migranten. En een buitenproportionele inzet van technologie legt een onevenredig grote nadruk op controle. Vroeger was migratiebeleid niet zo van technologie afhankelijk. Met paspoorten en een slagboom bij de grensovergang kwam je al een heel eind. Nu kent het migratiebeleid een sterke technologische dimensie. Leeftijdsonderzoek door middel van botanalyse voor minderjarige asielzoekers, DNA-tests voor gezinshereniging, spraakherkenningstechnologie bij het inburgeringsexamen in het land van herkomst en Europese databanken om de gegevens van illegale migranten in op te slaan. Deze technologisering helpt om procedures efficiënter te laten verlopen, maar genereert ook neveneffecten.

Border security --- Emigration and immigration --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- National security --- Technological innovations --- Security measures --- E-books --- migrantenbeleid --- Nederland --- Nederland.

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The Department of Defense has developed new sensor technologies to support military forces operating in Iraq and Afghanistan. These new capabilities may be useful in counterdrug operations along the southern U.S. border. DoD has held technology demonstrations to test and demonstrate new technologies along the southern border, because the field conditions along the border closely resemble those in current military theaters of operation and because they can also reveal whether new technologies are useful for CD operations led by domestic law enforcement agencies. However, there are legal questions about whether such technology demonstrations fully comply with U.S. law and whether advanced DoD sensors can legally be used in domestic CD operations when they are operated by U.S. military forces. In this report, the authors examine federal law and DoD policy to answer these questions. Some parts of U.S. law mandate information sharing among federal departments and agencies for national security purposes and direct DoD to play a key role in domestic CD operations in support of U.S. law enforcement agencies, while other parts of the law place restrictions on when the U.S. military may participate in law enforcement operations. Reviewing relevant federal law and DoD policy, the authors conclude that there is no legal reason why a DoD sensor should be excluded from use in an interagency technology demonstration or in an actual CD operation as long as a valid request for support is made by an appropriate law enforcement official and so long as no personally identifiable or private information is collected. The authors recommend DoD policy on domestic CD operations be formally clarified and that an approval process should be established for technology demonstrations with a CD nexus.

Military law --- Civil-military relations --- Border security --- Interagency coordination --- Drug traffic --- Law - U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Military Law - U.S. --- Technological innovations --- Law and legislation --- Prevention --- Border control --- Border management --- Boundaries --- Cross-border security --- Military and civilian power --- Military-civil relations --- Armed Forces --- Law, Military --- Military administration --- Security measures --- National security --- Executive power --- Sociology, Military --- Military government --- United States --- Judicial aspects --- DoD --- Department of Defense --- American borders --- Drug smugglers, traffickers --- Trafficking --- Early 21st century

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Border security has been high on public-policy agendas in Europe and North America since the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York City and on the headquarters of the American military in Washington DC. Governments are now confronted with managing secure borders, a policy objective that in this era of increased free trade and globalization must compete with intense cross-border flows of people and goods. Border-security policies must enable security personnel to identify, or filter out, dangerous individuals and substances from among the millions of travelers and tons of goods that cross borders daily, particularly in large cross-border urban regions.This book addresses this gap between security needs and an understanding of borders and borderlands. Specifically, the chapters in this volume ask policy-makers to recognize that two fundamental elements define borders and borderlands: first, human activities (the agency and agent power of individual ties and forces spanning a border), and second, the broader social processes that frame individual action, such as market forces, government activities (law, regulations, and policies), and the regional culture and politics of a borderland.Borders emerge as the historically and geographically variable expression of human ties exercised within social structures of varying force and influence, and it is the interplay and interdependence between people's incentives to act and the surrounding structures (i.e. constructed social processes that contain and constrain individual action) that determine the effectiveness of border security policies.This book argues that the nature of borders is to be porous, which is a problem for security policy makers. It shows that when for economic, cultural, or political reasons human activities increase across a border and borderland, governments need to increase cooperation and collaboration with regard to security policies, if only to avoid implementing mismatched security policies.

Boundaries --- Border security --- National security --- Globalization --- Frontières. --- Mondialisation --- Border security -- Europe. --- Border security -- North America. --- National security -- Europe. --- National security -- North America. --- Border control --- Border management --- Cross-border security --- Boundaries. --- Globalization. --- Mondialisation. --- Securite nationale --- Securite frontaliere --- Frontieres. --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- Military policy --- Borders (Geography) --- Boundary lines --- Frontiers --- Geographical boundaries --- International boundaries --- Lines, Boundary --- Natural boundaries --- Perimeters (Boundaries) --- Political boundaries --- Borderlands --- Territory, National --- Government policy --- Security measures --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Christianity --- Philosophy --- Border security - North America --- Border security - Europe --- National security - North America --- National security - Europe --- Sécurité frontalière - Amérique du Nord. --- Sécurité frontalière - Europe --- Sécurité nationale - Amérique du Nord --- Sécurité nationale - Europe --- national security --- frontier --- United States --- Mexcio --- European Union --- human migration --- Sécurité frontalière --- Sécurité nationale --- Political Science --- Political science